{"id":58279,"date":"2021-07-23T08:00:01","date_gmt":"2021-07-23T12:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=58279"},"modified":"2021-07-26T23:30:45","modified_gmt":"2021-07-27T03:30:45","slug":"cosettes-doll-when-victor-hugo-underlined-the-importance-of-play-for-children","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/cosettes-doll-when-victor-hugo-underlined-the-importance-of-play-for-children\/","title":{"rendered":"Cosette’s doll: when Victor Hugo underlined the importance of play for children"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/em><\/p>\n

Les Mis\u00e9rables<\/em>\u00a0by Victor Hugo has been broadcast all over the world, and, among the many adaptations for young people, often the character of Cosette as a child has been selected to make her a touching heroine, escaping poverty thanks to Jean Valjean.\u00a0The episode<\/a>\u00a0is found in Book III of Part Two.<\/p>\n

It was Christmas in Montfermeil in 1823, shops were set up in the square, one of which was opposite the Th\u00e9nardier inn where Cosette worked all day as a servant.\u00a0A very large doll dressed in pink is enthroned on a white cloth in the window of the trinket maker, and Cosette is ecstatic.<\/p>\n

She goes to get water from the fountain and a helping hand helps her: it’s Jean Valjean.\u00a0He comes to take a room at the inn where the two Thenardier girls play with their dolls while Cosette only has a small lead sword.\u00a0Jean Valjean gives him the doll.\u00a0She contemplates her and goes to sleep with her under the stairs after leaving her hoof in the fireplace.\u00a0Jean Valjean puts a louis d’or on it.\u00a0The next day, he leaves with Cosette.<\/p>\n

Why is this episode so extraordinary?\u00a0Why did a modern school publisher, La Librairie des \u00c9coles, take up this passage in 2012 for a small book, entitled\u00a0La doll de Cosette<\/em>\u00a0, using Victor Hugo’s text with an explanation of difficult words?\u00a0Because it presents, in a literary work, and for the first time, a fine psychological analysis of the play of the doll, highlighting the importance of toys for the child and thus participating in the creation of a romantic myth from childhood.<\/p>\n

To write this text<\/a>\u00a0, in the years 1845-1847, Victor Hugo drew on his experience as a father, in this sensitivity to childhood that we find in all his work, and, it is our hypothesis, in a tale disseminated from the XVI\u00a0th<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0century, the tale\u00a0doll that bites<\/em>\u00a0.\u00a0Let us examine these two aspects to shed more light on this passage from\u00a0Les Mis\u00e9rables<\/em>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

Power of the imagination<\/strong><\/h4>\n

For Victor Hugo, the doll is a symbol of all the childhood toys, as shown in this quip from 1\u00a0st<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0January 1832 in\u00a0Things seen<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0: “Blessed Providence gave everyone his toy, the doll to child, child to woman, woman to man, man to devil!\u00a0In our writer’s family, toys were present very early on, from 1823, as the household accounts show.\u00a0His five-and-a-half-year-old daughter, L\u00e9opoldine, received a doll in 1830. Her daddy called her “Didine” or “Poup\u00e9e”, a nickname which appeared in his\u00a0Correspondence<\/em>\u00a0in 1832, the year of the citation, and which was cited. periodically finds until the fourteen years of the girl.<\/p>\n

Victor Hugo attended his daughter’s games, her quarrels with Ad\u00e8le (D\u00e9d\u00e9), her sister, who took her doll from her until she in turn had one.\u00a0In the Correspondence, as in all of Victor Hugo’s work prior to 1850, the doll is the most cited toy.\u00a0He is attentive to it, including in his travels.\u00a0He sees, on the threshold of a hovel, “a little girl as tall as Dede, who carried in her arms a fat boy of eighteen months who was hugging a doll.\u00a0Three floors.\u00a0“(\u00a0Family correspondence<\/em>\u00a0, letter of 1\u00a0st<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0September 1837).\u00a0This idea of \u200b\u200bthe three floors will be taken up in\u00a0Les Mis\u00e9rables<\/em>\u00a0, with Jean Valjean carrying Cosette who carries the doll.<\/p>\n

To tell the story of Cosette’s doll, Victor Hugo therefore drew on his life, his experience of children.\u00a0But he goes further, towards what would be a \u201cmythisation\u201d of the doll.\u00a0In the middle of the story, he speaks:<\/p>\n

\u201cThe doll is one of the most pressing needs and at the same time one of the most charming instincts of female childhood.\u00a0[\u2026] The first child continues the last doll.\u00a0A little girl without a doll is about as unhappy and just as impossible as a woman without a child.\u00a0\u00bb(II, book III, 8, ed. Laffont, p. 321)<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Before him, Rousseau, Maria Edgeworth and Madame Necker de Saussure made room for the doll in their educational writings.\u00a0But Victor Hugo, by describing the gestures and attitudes of Cosette towards the doll, goes further.\u00a0He seizes the power of the child’s imagination, when Cosette transforms her lead sword into a doll and when she contemplates, motionless, her doll sitting on the chair and responds to Jean Valjean who asks her to play: \u201cOh!\u00a0I’m playing “.<\/p>\n

Unlike educators and pedagogues who talk about the\u00a0doll<\/a>\u00a0, Victor Hugo knows how to tenderly evoke the feelings that agitate the child, he shows their play scenarios, their gestures, their joys and their fears.\u00a0He thus joins the attempts of the authors of books for young people who feature children in their games.<\/p>\n

Since the beginning of the XIX\u00a0th<\/sup>\u00a0\u00a0century albums attach to this theme, as\u00a0games of the doll<\/em>\u00a0,\u00a0the doll education<\/em>\u00a0, often reprinted, but a most important book published in 1839 by Julie Gouraud under the pseudonym Louise d’Aulnay,\u00a0Memoirs of a doll, tales for little girls<\/em>\u00a0.\u00a0The author does not hesitate, in her preface, to write:<\/p>\n

\u201cYes, the doll is the beginning of a child: the tenderness of its mistress is a first ray of maternal love [\u2026] To look closely, but very closely, the doll is the pivot of humanity!\u00a0“And she says she is tempted to give the title to her book” The Myth of the Doll and the Little Girl “.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The work was republished in 1845, 1847, 1854;\u00a0it is possible that Victor Hugo had it in his hands.\u00a0But the structure of his story seems rather to be inspired by a tale.<\/p>\n

The structure of the tale<\/strong><\/h4>\n

This tale, first published in 1550 in Venice in\u00a0Le Piacevole Notti<\/em>\u00a0by Giovan Francesco Straparola, was translated into French in 1560 and 1562, and spread throughout Europe, in different versions, some of which in Naples, in Provence and Spain, places where Victor Hugo went as a child.<\/p>\n

In\u00a0Les Mis\u00e9rables<\/em>\u00a0, the\u00a0marvelous is Christian<\/a>\u00a0, as in a\u00a0Christmas<\/a>\u00a0tale\u00a0\u00a0: the merchant appears to Cosette as “the Eternal Father”, the doll being “the lady”, that is to say Notre-Dame, the Virgin.\u00a0Seeing the store, Cosette “thought she was seeing paradise”.\u00a0The gifts in the fireplace are brought by “their good fairy”, and Hugo specifies “the fairy, that is to say the mother”.<\/p>\n

If the vocabulary evokes tales, the structure of the story is similar to that of\u00a0The Biting Doll<\/em>\u00a0.\u00a0Initially, a poor and orphan child, Adamantine will sell the thread, the fruit of her labor and that of her sister, to bring back bread.\u00a0She sees a display with a splendid doll, which the merchant gives her in exchange for her thread.\u00a0Her sister beats her because she does not bring back anything to eat, as the Thenardier wanted to beat Cosette who did not bring back the bread.<\/p>\n

Then Adamantine plays with her doll and goes to sleep, as Cosette does too.\u00a0In the tale, the doll wakes her up by asking for a bowel movement and she makes gold coins.\u00a0The two sisters become rich and the neighbor is jealous, like the Th\u00e9nardiers towards Jean Valjean.\u00a0The scatological part of the tale, when the doll bites the king’s posterior, obviously had no place in the Hugo tale.<\/p>\n

But Adamantine’s marriage with the king can be compared to Jean Valjean’s affectionate relationship with Cosette, the father \/ daughter relationship being able to be fantasized as a marriage with a king, this powerful being who brought her out of poverty.\u00a0We have shortened the comparison between the tale and the novel, but the narratological and symbolic connections are too numerous and too precise to be purely fortuitous.<\/p>\n

The genius of Victor Hugo is expressed in this way of tying the threads of lived experience with those of the wonderful Christian and those of a narrative structure of a tale heard in childhood.\u00a0Thus we end up with a psychologically correct image which rises to a myth in a romantic vision of childhood and its toys.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Michel Manson is a Historian, professor emeritus in educational sciences at Sorbonne Paris Nord University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les Mis\u00e9rables\u00a0by Victor Hugo has been broadcast all over the world, and, among the many adaptations for young people, often the character of Cosette as a child has been selected to make her a touching heroine, escaping poverty thanks to Jean Valjean.\u00a0The episode\u00a0is found in Book III of Part Two. It was Christmas in Montfermeil […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":58280,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[95],"tags":[401074],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-58279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lifestyle","tag-importance-of-play"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCosette's doll: when Victor Hugo underlined the importance of play for children - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/cosettes-doll-when-victor-hugo-underlined-the-importance-of-play-for-children\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cosette's doll: when Victor Hugo underlined the importance of play for children - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les Mis\u00e9rables\u00a0by Victor Hugo has been broadcast all over the world, and, among the many adaptations for young people, often the character of Cosette as a child has been selected to make her a touching heroine, escaping poverty thanks to Jean Valjean.\u00a0The episode\u00a0is found in Book III of Part Two. 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