{"id":58177,"date":"2021-07-16T16:57:29","date_gmt":"2021-07-16T20:57:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=58177"},"modified":"2021-07-16T16:58:19","modified_gmt":"2021-07-16T20:58:19","slug":"school-posts-on-facebook-could-threaten-student-privacy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/school-posts-on-facebook-could-threaten-student-privacy\/","title":{"rendered":"School posts on Facebook could threaten student privacy"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Like many of us, schools in the United States are active on social media<\/a>. They use their accounts to\u00a0share timely information, build community and highlight staff and students<\/a>. However,\u00a0our research<\/a>\u00a0has shown that schools\u2019 social media activity may harm students\u2019 privacy.<\/p>\n

As a researcher who\u00a0specializes in data science in education<\/a>, I and my colleagues came to the topic of student privacy unintentionally. We were exploring\u00a0how schools used social media during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic<\/a>, specifically March and April of 2020. In the course of this research, we noticed something surprising about how Facebook worked: We could view the posts of schools \u2013 including images of teachers and students \u2013 even when not logged in to our personal Facebook accounts.<\/p>\n

The ability to access pages and pictures even when we were not logged in revealed that not only could schools\u2019 posts be accessed by anyone, but they could also be systematically accessed using\u00a0data mining methods<\/a>, or new research methods that involve using computers and statistical techniques to discover patterns in large \u2013 often publicly accessible \u2013 datasets.<\/p>\n

Since practically all U.S. schools report their websites to the\u00a0National Center for Education Statistics<\/a>, and many schools link to their Facebook pages from their websites, these posts could be accessed in a comprehensive manner. In other words, not only researchers but also advertisers and hackers could use data mining methods to access all of the posts by any school with a Facebook account. This comprehensive access allowed us to study phenomena like violations of students\u2019 privacy at a massive scale.<\/p>\n

Risks are present<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The easy access to student photos that we encountered comes despite\u00a0broader concerns<\/a>\u00a0about individuals\u2019 privacy on social media. Parents, for instance, have\u00a0expressed concerns<\/a>\u00a0about teachers posting about their children on social media.<\/p>\n

Fortunately, our search of news coverage and academic publications did not reveal any harms that have come to students because their schools posted about them. However, there are a number of possible risks that identifiable posts of students could pose. For instance, would-be stalkers and bullies could use the postings to identify individual students.<\/p>\n

Also, there are newer threats that students may face. For instance, the facial recognition company\u00a0Clearview<\/a>\u00a0collects internet data \u2013 and social media data \u2013 from across the World Wide Web. Clearview then\u00a0sells access to this data to law enforcement agencies<\/a>, who can upload photos of a potential suspect or person of interest to view a list of potential names of the individual depicted in the uploaded photo. Clearview already\u00a0accesses identifiable photos<\/a>\u00a0of minors in the U.S. from public posts on Facebook. It is possible that photos of students from schools\u2019 Facebook pages could be accessed and used by companies such as Clearview.<\/p>\n

Even though we are not aware of these things actually happening, that is not reason to not be concerned about it. At a time when our privacy is often threatened in surprising ways, as technology journalist Kara Swisher writes, \u201conly the paranoid survive<\/a>.\u201d My fellow researchers and I think this cautious view \u2013 even a paranoid view \u2013 is particularly justified when it comes to students as minors who may not provide their explicit permission to be included within posts.<\/p>\n

Millions of student photos available<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In our study, we used\u00a0federal data<\/a>\u00a0and an\u00a0analytical tool provided by Facebook<\/a>\u00a0to access posts from schools and school districts. We use the term \u201cschools\u201d to refer to both schools and school districts in our study. From this collection of 17.9 million posts by around 16,000 schools from 2005 to 2020, we randomly selected \u2013 sampled \u2013 100 and then coded these publicly accessible posts. We determined whether students were named in the post with their first and last name and whether their faces were clearly depicted in a photo. If both of these elements were present, we considered a student to be identified by name and school.<\/p>\n

For example, a student in a Facebook post whose photo includes a name in the caption, such as Jane Doe, would be deemed identified.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Students\u2019 identities can be easily obtained online via school postings on Facebook.<\/p><\/div>\n

We determined that 9.3 million of the 17.9 million posts we analyzed contained images. Within those 9.3 million posts, we estimated that around 467,000 students were identified. In other words, we found nearly half a million students on schools\u2019 publicly accessible Facebook pages who are pictured and identified by first and last name and the location of their school.<\/p>\n

Assessing the risks<\/h2>\n

While many of us already post photos of ourselves, friends and family \u2013 and sometimes our children \u2013 on social media, the posts of schools are different in one important sense. As individuals, we can control who can see our posts. If we want to limit it to just friends and family, we can change our own privacy settings. But people do not necessarily control how schools share their posts and images, and all of the posts we analyzed were strictly publicly accessible. Anyone in the world can access them.<\/p>\n

Even if one considers the potential harm of this situation to be minimal, there are small steps that schools can take that could make a notable difference in whether that potential is present at all:<\/p>\n

1. Refrain from posting students\u2019 full names<\/h3>\n

Not posting students\u2019 full names would make it much more difficult for individual students to be targeted and for students\u2019 data to be sold and linked with other data sources by companies.<\/p>\n

2. Make school pages private<\/h3>\n

Making school pages private means that data mining approaches similar to our own would be much more difficult \u2013 if not impossible \u2013 to carry out. This single step would drastically minimize risks to students\u2019 privacy.<\/p>\n

3. Use opt-in media release policies<\/h3>\n

Opt-in media release policies require parents to explicitly agree to have photos of their child shared via communications and media platforms. These may be more informative to parents \u2013 especially if they mention that the communications and media platforms include social media \u2013 and more protective of students\u2019 privacy than opt-out policies, which require parents to contact their child\u2019s school if they do not want their child\u2019s photo or information to be shared.<\/p>\n

In sum, schools\u2019 Facebook pages are different from our personal social media accounts, and posts on these pages may threaten the privacy of students. But using social media doesn\u2019t have to be an either-or proposition for schools. That is to say, it doesn\u2019t necessarily come down to a choice between using social media without considering privacy threats or not using social media at all. Rather, our research suggests that educators can and should take small steps to protect students\u2019 privacy when posting from school accounts.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Joshua Rosenberg is <\/span>Assistant Professor of STEM Education at the University of Tennessee<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Like many of us, schools in the United States are active on social media. They use their accounts to\u00a0share timely information, build community and highlight staff and students. However,\u00a0our research\u00a0has shown that schools\u2019 social media activity may harm students\u2019 privacy. As a researcher who\u00a0specializes in data science in education, I and my colleagues came to […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":58178,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[1460],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-58177","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","tag-facebook"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSchool posts on Facebook could threaten student privacy - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/school-posts-on-facebook-could-threaten-student-privacy\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"School posts on Facebook could threaten student privacy - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Like many of us, schools in the United States are active on social media. They use their accounts to\u00a0share timely information, build community and highlight staff and students. However,\u00a0our research\u00a0has shown that schools\u2019 social media activity may harm students\u2019 privacy. 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