{"id":58094,"date":"2021-07-09T08:00:14","date_gmt":"2021-07-09T12:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=58094"},"modified":"2021-07-08T17:33:06","modified_gmt":"2021-07-08T21:33:06","slug":"holding-the-tokyo-olympics-without-spectators-during-covid-19-emergency-puts-the-iocs-supreme-authority-on-full-display","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/holding-the-tokyo-olympics-without-spectators-during-covid-19-emergency-puts-the-iocs-supreme-authority-on-full-display\/","title":{"rendered":"Holding the Tokyo Olympics without spectators during COVID-19 emergency puts the IOC\u2019s \u2018supreme authority\u2019 on full display"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-58095\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/tokyo-olympics-games.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/tokyo-olympics-games.jpeg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/tokyo-olympics-games-250x141.jpeg 250w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/tokyo-olympics-games-600x338.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Two weeks before the start of the Tokyo Olympics,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-asia-57760883\">a state of emergency has been declared by the Japanese government<\/a>\u00a0in its latest attempt to contain the spread of COVID-19. It\u2019s another setback for these Olympics, which have already been postponed for a year and will now go ahead without any spectators.<\/p>\n<p>With concerns that the Tokyo Olympics could become a super-spreader event, why then are the Games even taking place?<\/p>\n<p>The answer lies in the power that the International Olympic Committee \u2013 the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/olympics.com\/ioc\/olympic-movement\">self-proclaimed<\/a>\u00a0\u201csupreme authority\u201d for world sport \u2013 holds over the cities and countries that host the Games.<\/p>\n<p>If anyone was unaware of the IOC\u2019s use and abuse of power before 2020, events surrounding the Tokyo Olympics during the COVID-19 pandemic have shed unprecedented light on the organization\u2019s iron grip over host cities and countries.<\/p>\n<p>Since early 2020, IOC president Thomas Bach and fellow veteran IOC members John Coatea (chair of Tokyo Co-ordination Commission, the main liaison between the IOC and Tokyo organizers) and Richard Pound have been the dominant voices of the committee. Their statements on the postponement or potential cancellation of the Tokyo Games reflect denial, hubris and self-congratulatory rhetoric.<\/p>\n<p>The Tokyo Olympics as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/olympics.com\/athlete365\/voice\/22-march-letter-from-president-thomas-bach-oly-to-athletes\/\">\u201cthe light at the end of the tunnel\u201d<\/a>\u00a0has been one of Bach\u2019s favourites platitudes, while boosters\u2019 references to a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/olympics.com\/ioc\/news\/ioc-and-tokyo-2020-agree-on-measures-to-deliver-games-fit-for-a-post-corona-world\">\u201cpost-corona world\u201d<\/a>\u00a0illustrate the same unfounded optimism.<\/p>\n<p>On the question of contingency plans in the event Tokyo needed to cancel the Games, Coates flatly stated last year that there was\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/asia-pacific-united-nations-health-olympic-games-tokyo-936a921979a504cb9d4056dc44b2830a\">\u201cno Plan B\u201d<\/a>. Bach\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bostonglobe.com\/2021\/01\/27\/sports\/hopes-tokyo-olympics-still-flickering-doubts-growing-louder\/?event=event25&amp;event=event25\">spread the same message<\/a>\u00a0earlier this year.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Free speech?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Criticism from Olympic \u201cinsiders\u201d is both rare and noteworthy.<\/p>\n<p>In June, Japanese Olympic Committee member\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ctvnews.ca\/sports\/olympian-yamaguchi-says-japan-cornered-into-holding-games-1.5455906\">Kaori Yamaguchi<\/a>\u00a0claimed Tokyo had been \u201ccornered\u201d into proceeding. She was critical of the IOC for appearing\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2021\/jun\/04\/tokyo-cornered-into-going-ahead-with-games-says-olympic-official\">\u201cto think it could steamroll over the wishes of the Japanese public,\u201d<\/a>\u00a0given that about 80 per cent of people wanted the Games postponed again or cancelled.<\/p>\n<p>At the beginning of the pandemic \u2014 when the IOC was still suggesting the Tokyo Games would start as scheduled in July 2020 \u2014 Hayley Wickenheiser, a member of the IOC Athletes\u2019 Commission, called for postponement. She\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.insidethegames.biz\/articles\/1093067\/hayley-wickenheiser-ppe-opc-canada\">received a speedy rebuke<\/a>\u00a0from an IOC official, stating that it was \u201ca pity\u201d she had posted her thoughts \u201cwithout asking the IOC first.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI didn\u2019t know free speech had to go through the IOC,\u201d\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/sports\/olympics\/hayley-wickenheiser-had-to-speak-out-for-olympic-postponement-1.5512175\">she fired back.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">I\u2019ve given this a lot of thought, and over the past few days my perspective has changed. I was voted to represent and protect athletes. As an IOCAC member, 6x Olympian and Medical doctor in training on the front lines in ER up until this week,these are my thoughts on <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Olympics?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@Olympics<\/a> : <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/vrvfsQZ1GO\">pic.twitter.com\/vrvfsQZ1GO<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Hayley Wickenheiser (@wick_22) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/wick_22\/status\/1239985862819155970?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 17, 2020<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Attempts to muzzle athletes, as well as journalists and academics critical of the Olympic industry, are commonplace. Athletes are not allowed to engage in podium or on-field political protests \u2014 and some are\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/resources.fina.org\/fina\/document\/2021\/01\/12\/c9057283-1c4e-442e-807e-f88c982c7275\/logo_fina_code_of_ethics_as_approved_by_the_ec_on_22.07.2017_final_0.pdf\">contractually bound<\/a>\u00a0by their international federations\u2019 code of ethics to refrain from making \u201cadverse comments\u201d on executive decisions.<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, athletes involved in sport-related disputes with national or international sports organizations, or with anti-doping agencies, cannot use the judicial systems of their home countries. Their contracts require them to submit appeals exclusively to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/books.emeraldinsight.com\/page\/detail\/gender-athletes-rights-and-the-court-of-arbitration-for-sport-helen-jefferson-lenskyjGender,-Athletes-Rights,-and-the-Court-of-Arbitration-for-Sport\/?k=9781787542402\">tribunal that has come under frequent criticism<\/a>\u00a0for its links to the IOC and for inconsistencies in its decisions.<\/p>\n<p>The muzzling of free speech and freedom of assembly extends beyond athletes to residents of host countries and international visitors.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/stillmed.olympic.org\/media\/Document%20Library\/OlympicOrg\/General\/EN-Olympic-Charter.pdf\">The Olympic Charter<\/a>\u00a0overrides freedoms that are universally accepted in democracies by prohibiting protests in or near Olympic venues. These areas become de facto IOC territory for the duration of the Games.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Silencing \u2018naysayers\u2019<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>I have first-hand experience of what happens to those who speak up against the Olympics, all providing invaluable material for my\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/helenlenskyj.ca\/books.html\">subsequent research<\/a>\u00a0on the Olympic industry.<\/p>\n<p>My hometown of Toronto has mounted two failed Olympic bids: one for the 1996 Games and the other for 2008. In 1998, I became a member of Toronto\u2019s anti-Olympic group,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.torontopubliclibrary.ca\/search.jsp?N=4292540458\">Bread Not Circuses (BNC)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Toronto newspapers were official bid sponsors and senior media executives were members of Toronto\u2019s bid committee. BNC learned that one newspaper had an unofficial policy of rejecting any letters from our group. We were removed from a televised public forum on the bid because bid leaders refused to be on the same platform as our members.<\/p>\n<p>In 2001, the IOC sent a team to Toronto to inspect its bid preparations. Our group was initially prevented from attending a meeting with the IOC. It was part of the bid committee\u2019s transparent attempt to limit the inspection team\u2019s exposure to \u201cnaysayers,\u201d as the local press routinely labelled us. In the end,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/306032657_Olympic_industry_and_civil_liberties\">Bread Not Circuses was blamed (or credited, from our perspective) for \u201cderailing the bid.\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Since then, anti-Olympic and Olympic watchdog groups have proliferated and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2015\/07\/28\/sports\/olympics\/boston-2024-summer-olympics-bid-terminated.html\">a number of bid cities have held referendums<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 democratizing trends that Bach considers inappropriate and unnecessary. The situation facing Tokyo today demonstrates the vital need for critical voices to be heard.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Tokyo countermeasures<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Despite IOC claims that athletes\u2019 safety in Tokyo is a priority, COVID-19 countermeasures were\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/uniglobalunion.org\/news\/ioc-must-urgently-guarantee-world-class-covid-19-protections-tokyo-olympics\">universally criticized<\/a>\u00a0by medical experts and athlete advocacy organizations.<\/p>\n<p>Most significant was the failure to provide adequate protection for athletes, even adding to their contracts a mandatory waiver\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ca.sports.yahoo.com\/news\/olympics-covid-waiver-tokyo-athletes-202234569.html\">absolving the IOC of responsibility<\/a>\u00a0if they contracted COVID-19 or suffered any other \u201cserious bodily harm or even death.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The IOC\u2019s power even extends to the World Health Organization. Dr. Mike Ryan, the WHO\u2019s chief of emergencies,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/asia-pacific-united-nations-health-olympic-games-tokyo-936a921979a504cb9d4056dc44b2830a\">explained at the beginning of the pandemic<\/a>\u00a0that it was not the WHO\u2019s role \u201cto call off \u2013 or not call off\u201d the Olympics, but merely to provide \u201ctechnical advice.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In May 2021, Ryan\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/olympics.com\/ioc\/news\/who-ioc-organisers-and-japanese-government-working-extremely-hard-to-ensure-risks-are-well-managed-at-olympic-games-tokyo-2020\">praised the pandemic guidelines and organisers\u2019<\/a>\u00a0\u201cvery, very systematic risk management approach.\u201d His comments were unsurprising given that the WHO was a partner in the task force which prepared the guidelines.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>The cost of cancellation<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The host city contract for every Olympics states the IOC is the only party empowered to postpone or cancel the event. The contract has a weak \u201cforce majeure\u201d clause that states \u201cif the IOC has reasonable grounds to believe, in its sole discretion, that the safety of participants\u2026 would be seriously threatened or jeopardised for any reason whatsoever.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>If the IOC terminates the contract, the city, the host National Olympic Committee and the organizing committee all waive any claim and right to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.2020games.metro.tokyo.lg.jp\/hostcitycontract-EN.pdf\">\u201cdamages, or other compensation or remedy.\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n<p>A cancelled Olympic Games would leave Tokyo liable for billions of dollars \u2014\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2021\/05\/25\/business\/economy-business\/nomura-olympics-cancellation-cost\/\">one estimate puts the cancellation costs at US $17 billion<\/a>. But as some experts have pointed out, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/media-telecom\/money-money-money-cost-tokyos-pandemic-delayed-olympics-2021-06-10\/\">the economic loss would be much greater<\/a>\u201d if the Tokyo Games turn into a super-spreader event.<\/p>\n<p>The emergency declaration represents one small step towards protecting Tokyo\u2019s citizens, but does nothing towards safeguarding the tens of thousands of athletes and officials who will arrive in the city to participate in the circus maximus that is the Olympic Games.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio:<\/strong> <span class=\"fn author-name\">Helen Jefferson Lenskyj is <\/span>Professor Emerita of Sociology and Equity Studies in Education at the University of Toronto<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Two weeks before the start of the Tokyo Olympics,\u00a0a state of emergency has been declared by the Japanese government\u00a0in its latest attempt to contain the spread of COVID-19. It\u2019s another setback for these Olympics, which have already been postponed for a year and will now go ahead without any spectators. With concerns that the Tokyo [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/holding-the-tokyo-olympics-without-spectators-during-covid-19-emergency-puts-the-iocs-supreme-authority-on-full-display\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":58095,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[33311],"tags":[3854],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-58094","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sports","tag-olympics"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Holding the Tokyo Olympics without spectators during COVID-19 emergency puts the IOC\u2019s \u2018supreme authority\u2019 on full display - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/holding-the-tokyo-olympics-without-spectators-during-covid-19-emergency-puts-the-iocs-supreme-authority-on-full-display\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Holding the Tokyo Olympics without spectators during COVID-19 emergency puts the IOC\u2019s \u2018supreme authority\u2019 on full display - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Two weeks before the start of the Tokyo Olympics,\u00a0a state of emergency has been declared by the Japanese government\u00a0in its latest attempt to contain the spread of COVID-19. 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With concerns that the Tokyo [&hellip;]\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/holding-the-tokyo-olympics-without-spectators-during-covid-19-emergency-puts-the-iocs-supreme-authority-on-full-display\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-09T12:00:14+00:00\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/tokyo-olympics-games.jpeg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"680\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"383\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/holding-the-tokyo-olympics-without-spectators-during-covid-19-emergency-puts-the-iocs-supreme-authority-on-full-display\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/holding-the-tokyo-olympics-without-spectators-during-covid-19-emergency-puts-the-iocs-supreme-authority-on-full-display\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kevin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"headline\":\"Holding the Tokyo Olympics without spectators during COVID-19 emergency puts the IOC\u2019s \u2018supreme authority\u2019 on full display\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-07-09T12:00:14+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/holding-the-tokyo-olympics-without-spectators-during-covid-19-emergency-puts-the-iocs-supreme-authority-on-full-display\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1208,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/holding-the-tokyo-olympics-without-spectators-during-covid-19-emergency-puts-the-iocs-supreme-authority-on-full-display\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/07\\\/tokyo-olympics-games.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"Olympics\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Sports\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/holding-the-tokyo-olympics-without-spectators-during-covid-19-emergency-puts-the-iocs-supreme-authority-on-full-display\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/holding-the-tokyo-olympics-without-spectators-during-covid-19-emergency-puts-the-iocs-supreme-authority-on-full-display\\\/\",\"name\":\"Holding the Tokyo Olympics without spectators during COVID-19 emergency puts the IOC\u2019s \u2018supreme authority\u2019 on full display - 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It\u2019s another setback for these Olympics, which have already been postponed for a year and will now go ahead without any spectators. 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