{"id":58085,"date":"2021-07-08T08:00:32","date_gmt":"2021-07-08T12:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=58085"},"modified":"2021-07-07T16:56:25","modified_gmt":"2021-07-07T20:56:25","slug":"its-not-just-bad-behavior-why-social-media-design-makes-it-hard-to-have-constructive-disagreements-online","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/its-not-just-bad-behavior-why-social-media-design-makes-it-hard-to-have-constructive-disagreements-online\/","title":{"rendered":"It\u2019s not just bad behavior \u2013 why social media design makes it hard to have constructive disagreements online"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Good-faith disagreements are a normal part of society and building strong relationships. Yet it\u2019s difficult to engage in good-faith disagreements on the internet, and people reach\u00a0less common ground<\/a>\u00a0online compared with face-to-face disagreements.<\/p>\n

There\u2019s no shortage of research about the psychology of arguing online, from\u00a0text versus voice<\/a>\u00a0to\u00a0how anyone can become a troll<\/a>\u00a0and advice about\u00a0how to argue well<\/a>. But there\u2019s another factor that\u2019s often overlooked: the design of social media itself.<\/p>\n

My colleagues and I investigated\u00a0how the design of social media affects online disagreements<\/a>\u00a0and how to design for constructive arguments. We surveyed and interviewed 257 people about their experiences with online arguments and how design could help. We asked which features of 10 different social media platforms made it easy or difficult to engage in online arguments, and why. (Full disclosure: I receive research funding from Facebook.)<\/p>\n

We found that people often avoid discussing challenging topics online for fear of harming their relationships, and when it comes to disagreements, not all social media are the same. People can spend a lot of time on a social media site and not engage in arguments (e.g. YouTube) or find it nearly impossible to avoid arguments on certain platforms (e.g. Facebook and WhatsApp).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Here\u2019s what people told us about their experiences with Facebook, WhatsApp and YouTube, which were the most and least common places for online arguments.<\/p>\n

Facebook<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Seventy percent of our participants had engaged in a Facebook argument, and many spoke negatively of the experience. People said they felt it was hard to be vulnerable because they had an audience: the rest of their Facebook friends. One participant said, on Facebook, \u201cSometimes you don\u2019t admit your failures because other people are looking.\u201d Disagreements became sparring matches with a captive audience, rather than two or more people trying to express their views and find common ground.<\/p>\n

People also said that the way Facebook structures commenting prevents meaningful engagement because many comments are automatically hidden and cut shorter. This prevents people from seeing content and participating in the discussion at all.<\/p>\n

WhatsApp<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In contrast, people said arguing on a private messaging platform such as WhatsApp allowed them \u201cto be honest and have an honest conversation.\u201d It was a popular place for online arguments, with 76% of our participants saying that they had argued on the platform.<\/p>\n

The organization of messages also allowed people to \u201ckeep the focus on the discussion at hand.\u201d And, unlike the experience with face-to-face conversations, someone receiving a message on WhatsApp could choose when to respond. People said that this helped online dialogue because they had more time to think out their responses and take a step back from the emotional charge of the situation. However, sometimes this turned into too much time between messages, and people said they felt that they were being ignored.<\/p>\n

Overall, our participants felt the privacy they had on WhatsApp was necessary for vulnerability and authenticity online, with significantly more people agreeing that they could talk about controversial topics on private platforms as opposed to public ones like Facebook.<\/p>\n

YouTube<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Very few people reported engaging in arguments on YouTube, and their opinions of YouTube depended on which feature they used. When commenting, people said they \u201cmay write something controversial and nobody will reply to it,\u201d which makes the site \u201cfeel more like leaving a review than having a conversation.\u201d Users felt they could have disagreements in the live chat of a video, with the caveat that the channel didn\u2019t moderate the discussion.<\/p>\n

Unlike Facebook and WhatsApp, YouTube is centered around video content. Users liked \u201cthe fact that one particular video can be focused on, without having to defend, a whole issue,\u201d and that \u201cyou can make long videos to really explain yourself.\u201d They also liked that videos facilitate more social cues than is possible in most online interactions, since \u201cyou can see the person\u2019s facial expressions on the videos they produce.\u201d<\/p>\n

YouTube\u2019s platform-wide moderation had mixed reviews, as some people felt they could \u201ccomment freely without persecution\u201d and others said videos were removed at YouTube\u2019s discretion \u201cusually [for] a ridiculous or nonsensical reason.\u201d People also felt that when creators moderated their comments and \u201cjust filter things they don\u2019t like,\u201d it hindered people\u2019s ability to have difficult discussions.<\/p>\n

Redesigning social media for better arguing<\/strong><\/h4>\n

We asked participants how proposed design interactions could improve their experiences arguing online. We showed them storyboards of features that could be added to social media. We found that people like some features that are already present in social media, like the ability to delete inflammatory content, block users who derail conversations and use emoji to convey emotions in text.<\/p>\n

People were also enthusiastic about an intervention that helps users to \u201cchannel switch\u201d from a public to private online space. This involves an app intervening in an argument on a public post and suggesting users move to a private chat. One person said \u201cthis way, people don\u2019t get annoyed and included in online discussion that doesn\u2019t really involve them.\u201d Another said, \u201cthis would save a lot of people embarrassment from arguing in public.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Intervene, but carefully<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Overall, the people we interviewed were cautiously optimistic about the potential for design to improve the tone of online arguments. They were hopeful that design could help them find more common ground with others online.<\/p>\n

Yet, people are also wary of technology\u2019s potential to become intrusive during an already sensitive interpersonal exchange. For instance, a well-intentioned but na\u00efve intervention could backfire and come across as \u201ccreepy\u201d and \u201ctoo much.\u201d One of our interventions involved a forced 30-second timeout, designed to give people time to cool off before responding. However, our subjects thought it could end up frustrating people further and derail the conversation.<\/p>\n

Social media developers can take steps to foster constructive disagreements online through design. But our findings suggest that they also will need to consider how their interventions might backfire, intrude or otherwise have unintended consequences for their users.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Amanda Baughan is a <\/span>PhD Student in Computer Science & Engineering at the University of Washington<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Good-faith disagreements are a normal part of society and building strong relationships. Yet it\u2019s difficult to engage in good-faith disagreements on the internet, and people reach\u00a0less common ground\u00a0online compared with face-to-face disagreements. There\u2019s no shortage of research about the psychology of arguing online, from\u00a0text versus voice\u00a0to\u00a0how anyone can become a troll\u00a0and advice about\u00a0how to argue […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":58086,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[95],"tags":[401059],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-58085","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lifestyle","tag-disagreements-online"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIt\u2019s not just bad behavior \u2013 why social media design makes it hard to have constructive disagreements online - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/its-not-just-bad-behavior-why-social-media-design-makes-it-hard-to-have-constructive-disagreements-online\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"It\u2019s not just bad behavior \u2013 why social media design makes it hard to have constructive disagreements online - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Good-faith disagreements are a normal part of society and building strong relationships. 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