{"id":56689,"date":"2021-04-02T08:00:40","date_gmt":"2021-04-02T15:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=56689"},"modified":"2021-04-01T13:13:45","modified_gmt":"2021-04-01T20:13:45","slug":"in-gun-debate-both-sides-have-evidence-to-back-them-up","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/in-gun-debate-both-sides-have-evidence-to-back-them-up\/","title":{"rendered":"In gun debate, both sides have evidence to back them up"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Gun control is back in the U.S. political debate, in the wake of mass shootings in California, Boulder and Atlanta.<\/p>\n

Democrats see stricter gun control as a step toward addressing the problem. In March 2021, as the House of Representatives passed two gun control bills, Speaker Nancy Pelosi claimed that the \u201csolutions will save lives<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

Many Republicans disagree, arguing as Sen. Ted Cruz has that proposed laws seeking to\u00a0require background checks<\/a>\u00a0on all firearms sales and transfers and to\u00a0ban assault weapons<\/a>\u00a0are \u201cridiculous theater<\/a>\u201d that fail to reduce mass shootings.<\/p>\n

As two\u00a0political scientists<\/a>\u00a0trained in\u00a0data analysis<\/a>, we set out to determine whether gun control legislation actually prevents mass shootings. We collected data on all mass shootings that occurred between February 1980 and February 2020. We then examined key information on the perpetrators, weapons used and laws in effect at the time of shooting.<\/p>\n

Our research, which is yet to be published in an academic journal, suggests that there is statistical evidence to support both parties\u2019 positions about gun control legislation.<\/p>\n

While stricter gun control laws may make mass shootings slightly less common, our research suggests that the rhetoric of both parties may not tell the full story. Rather than federal gun control laws, policies that focus on violence prevention at the community or individual levels may be more effective at preventing mass shooting deaths.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Mass shootings in the past 40 years<\/strong><\/h4>\n

We defined a mass shooting as a single incident in which a perpetrator with no connection to gang activity or organized crime shot and killed three or more people. This is similar to the definition\u00a0Congress uses<\/a>.<\/p>\n

We found there were 112 of these events between 1980 and 2020; the number of mass shootings each year has increased over time. An overwhelming majority of mass shooters \u2013 87% of them \u2013 obtained their firearms legally. Nearly all shooters \u2013 93% \u2013 shot their victims in the same state where they obtained their weapons.<\/p>\n

These facts suggest that existing gun laws and regulations governing gun purchases and firearms that cross state lines may not be working to reduce mass shootings. Our study did not address whether or how other forms of gun violence might be affected by those laws.<\/p>\n

In fact, mass shootings tended to occur in states with stricter regulations. Of the states with the highest per capita rates of mass shootings, many \u2013 like Connecticut, Maryland and California \u2013 employ background checks and assault weapons bans.<\/p>\n

By contrast, 18 states did not have a single mass shooting event over the entire 40-year period. Many of these states \u2013 like West Virginia, Wyoming and South Dakota \u2013 have high rates of gun ownership and relatively loose gun control laws.<\/p>\n

But those data patterns don\u2019t tell the full story of our analysis.<\/p>\n

\"\"

After every mass shooting, there is an outpouring of public grief, like this impromptu memorial wall at the scene of the Boulder supermarket shooting. AP Photo\/David Zalubowski<\/p><\/div>\n

The effects of gun laws<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Gun laws\u00a0aren\u2019t the only factors<\/a>\u00a0that affect where and when mass shootings occur. The number of police officers per capita, a community\u2019s population density and crime rate, and other demographic characteristics such as unemployment rates and average income can also matter.<\/p>\n

We used statistical methods to control for those factors, narrowing our analysis to find out whether various types of gun control laws affected the number of mass shootings or number of mass shooting deaths in each state each year.<\/p>\n

Specifically, we examined the effects of four different types of gun control legislation: background checks; assault weapons bans; high-capacity magazine bans; and \u201cextreme risk protection order<\/a>\u201d or \u201cred flag laws\u201d that let a court determine whether to confiscate the guns of someone deemed a threat to themselves or others.<\/p>\n

We found that background check requirements, assault weapons bans and high-capacity magazine bans each reduce the number of mass shootings in the United States \u2013 but only by a small amount. For instance, enacting a statewide assault weapons ban decreases the number of mass shootings in the state by one shooting every six years. And none of the four types of gun control legislation correlate with fewer total mass shooting deaths.<\/p>\n

And laws that remove an individual\u2019s right to own firearms if that individual poses a risk to the community do not affect the number of mass shooting events.<\/p>\n

Beyond gun control<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Our analysis suggests that Americans who want to make mass shootings less frequent and less deadly may want to think beyond gun control legislation.<\/p>\n

Statistically, mass shootings tend to occur in large, densely populated states with higher income and education levels per capita. While these states often respond to mass shootings by passing gun control legislation, it may be that alternative avenues are more successful.<\/p>\n

For example, we find that increasing the number of police officers per capita decreases the number of mass shootings.<\/p>\n

There is a wide variety of policy options designed to prevent mass shootings. The American Psychological Association suggests a\u00a0comprehensive community approach<\/a>\u00a0that works to identify prevention strategies that bring public safety officials, schools, public health systems and faith-based groups together to reduce gun violence.<\/p>\n

Aaron Stark<\/a>, who says he was almost a mass shooter, explains that mass shootings can be an act of desperation resulting from frustration, stress and an individual\u2019s perception that they lack power. This is in line with a new\u00a0U.S. Secret Service report<\/a>\u00a0that suggests politicians may need to think beyond the accessibility of guns.\u00a0Violence prevention strategies<\/a>\u00a0that focus on interpersonal and community relations may be more effective than gun control legislation.<\/p>\n

Framing the debate<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Many policy options involve value judgments stemming from beliefs about the U.S. Constitution and the power of government to regulate guns.<\/p>\n

Among people who think that restricting gun access reduces mass shootings,\u00a0people disagree over whether the country should prioritize<\/a>\u00a0the\u00a0individual freedoms of gun owners<\/a>\u00a0or the safety and peace of mind of non-gun owners. These differing views can reflect\u00a0different interpretations<\/a>\u00a0of the extent to which the Constitution protects the rights of individuals to keep and bear arms.<\/p>\n

States have a role to play, too. Federal gun policy covers the entire nation. But our data indicates that attention to state and local factors can play an important role in preventing mass shootings.<\/p>\n

In the end, gun control remains a debate about facts and context, complicated by a disagreement over constitutional values.<\/p>\n

Author Bios:<\/strong> Zach Lang is a Ph.D. Student in Political Science and Jennifer Selin is a Kinder Institute Assistant Professor of Constitutional Democracy both at the University of Missouri-Columbia<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gun control is back in the U.S. political debate, in the wake of mass shootings in California, Boulder and Atlanta. Democrats see stricter gun control as a step toward addressing the problem. In March 2021, as the House of Representatives passed two gun control bills, Speaker Nancy Pelosi claimed that the \u201csolutions will save lives.\u201d […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":56690,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[13247],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-56689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-change","tag-gun-control"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIn gun debate, both sides have evidence to back them up - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/in-gun-debate-both-sides-have-evidence-to-back-them-up\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"In gun debate, both sides have evidence to back them up - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gun control is back in the U.S. political debate, in the wake of mass shootings in California, Boulder and Atlanta. 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