{"id":55458,"date":"2021-01-07T11:17:36","date_gmt":"2021-01-07T19:17:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=55458"},"modified":"2021-01-07T20:01:30","modified_gmt":"2021-01-08T04:01:30","slug":"restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\/","title":{"rendered":"Restraining and secluding students with disabilities is an urgent human rights issue"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Across Canada,\u00a0children with disabilities are disadvantaged<\/a>\u00a0when it comes to the support they receive in schools. While Canada espouses a commitment to\u00a0inclusive education<\/a>, the right to it remains elusive for some students.<\/p>\n

Our research team at the University of Manitoba revealed another grave problem that needs redress: The\u00a0shocking use of physical restraint and seclusion spaces, which contributes to the further marginalization<\/a>\u00a0of children with disabilities in schools.<\/p>\n

We conducted an anonymous\u00a0survey online<\/a>\u00a0of parents of children with disabilities in Manitoba in the summer of 2019. Our team sought to document parental perspectives, because little is known about\u00a0the scope and nature of physical restraint and seclusion in schools in Manitoba<\/a>, and there is a need for regulation and accountability.<\/p>\n

The survey consisted of 48 questions and asked parents\/guardians about their child\u2019s experiences with physical restraint and seclusion at school, as well as the nature and impact of such practices. The survey had a sample size of 62 respondents. While the survey sample size was small, the results are worrisome and paint a bleak picture about the treatment of students with disabilities in Manitoba.<\/p>\n

Previous surveys conducted in\u00a0British Columbia <\/a>,\u00a0Alberta<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0United States<\/a>\u00a0have shown similar results.<\/p>\n

Human rights problem<\/strong><\/h3>\n

The reported experiences of students with disabilities in Manitoba\u2019s schools, along with the findings from other surveys, contravene several human rights conventions such as the\u00a0United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child<\/a>. Both these conventions provide protections from cruel and inhumane treatment. Parents should not have to advocate for their children\u2019s basic rights.<\/p>\n

The absence of policies further exacerbates this human rights problem. In Manitoba, there are no provincial educational policies to regulate the use of physical restraint and seclusion in schools. There are also no accountability structures to track their use. The absence of regulation has contributed to the misuse of these practices and students with disabilities are most at risk.<\/p>\n

Our findings and recommendations for policy and practice are detailed in a report,\u00a0Behind Closed Doors<\/em><\/a>. The report provides a framework to make schools more inclusive for students with disabilities and to ensure their rights are not violated under international conventions.<\/p>\n

Unsafe<\/strong><\/h3>\n

In our study, parents reported the use of unsafe restraints that are banned in most correctional and health care facilities. The restraints included prone and supine holds that are known to have a\u00a0high risk of death<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Parents also described the use of mechanical restraints. One parent indicated that \u201cposey cuffs<\/a>\u201d \u2014 a kind of wrist restraint sometimes used in mental health settings \u2014 had been used to strap their child to a chair.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0dangerous misuse of seclusion spaces<\/a>\u00a0was also described. For example, a parent reported that a closet had been used to seclude their child. Parents also shared that doorknobs on seclusion spaces had been modified so their child could not get out.<\/p>\n

Not surprisingly, 90 per cent of the parents surveyed indicated that their child had suffered emotional trauma due to these practices.<\/p>\n

While restraint and seclusion are intended to be\u00a0crisis responses<\/a>, some parents reported their frequent and prolonged use.<\/p>\n

The accounts included children being restrained or secluded on a daily basis, with instances of seclusion lasting up to three hours. The students who were identified as being restrained and secluded most often were between the ages of five and 10, and were on the autism spectrum.<\/p>\n

Under-reported<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Reporting practices about the use of restraint and seclusion were highly variable. Approximately half of the parents indicated that they were rarely or never informed by the school that their child had been restrained or secluded.<\/p>\n

When parents were asked how they learned about the use of restraints, they said the most frequent informants were the children themselves. Some parents that were informed by the school indicated that it often happened much after the fact in an informal manner. Written documentation was reported as almost non-existent, with 90 per cent of parents sharing that they never received a written report.<\/p>\n

Based on these shocking findings, the research team has proposed several recommendations.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Mandated documentation and reporting must be established to ensure accountability<\/p><\/div>\n

1. Provincial standards<\/strong><\/p>\n

In Manitoba, there is an urgent need for the province to set provincial standards that clearly define restraint and seclusion as crisis responses. Standards should spell out that restraint and seclusion may only be used when there is an immediate threat to physical safety, and should regulate their use. The province must also mandate school divisions to follow standards.<\/p>\n

The provinces of\u00a0Alberta<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Prince Edward Island<\/a>\u00a0already regulate these procedures and may serve as models for Manitoba.<\/p>\n

2. Documentation, reporting and accountability<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mandated documentation and reporting practices at the school, district and provincial level must also be established to ensure transparency and accountability. Reporting to parents should occur within 24 hours and include a written followup and debriefing meeting. The opportunity to reflect on the events leading up to and including the restraint and seclusion are critical to changing practice and preventing future occurrences.<\/p>\n

Establishing data collection at the school, division and provincial level will also help to monitor prevalence and create accountability.<\/p>\n

In the United States, the\u00a0Department of Education<\/a>\u00a0has developed reporting requirements that have been incorporated into many state policies. Ensuring that restraint and seclusion are not strategies in students\u2019 individualized plans may also prevent their normalization.<\/p>\n

3. Provincial audit of seclusion spaces<\/strong><\/p>\n

A provincial audit of seclusion spaces and the development of standards are clearly warranted to ensure they are safe, humane and comply with health, safety and fire codes. If not banned completely, as has been proposed in\u00a0Alberta<\/a>, seclusion spaces at a minimum must be highly regulated.<\/p>\n

4. Training<\/strong><\/p>\n

Along with regulation and comprehensive training of educators, including teachers, administrators and educational assistants, evidence-based, positive, proactive alternatives to restraint and seclusion must be prioritized.\u00a0Positive Behaviour Interventions and Supports (PBIS)<\/a>\u00a0and training in de-escalation strategies have been found to reduce the use of restraint and seclusion and should be required for all educators.<\/p>\n

Looking ahead<\/strong><\/h3>\n

When contacted by CBC News about this study in June, a representative of the\u00a0minister of education in Manitoba<\/a>\u00a0said the ministry would immediately initiate a review of the report and issue recommendations related to seclusion.<\/p>\n

While this may indicate a step in the right direction, notably absent from the ministry\u2019s response was any mention of restraint. Unfortunately, the response also highlights the ongoing need to defend the rights of children with disabilities across Canada.<\/p>\n

Author Bios:<\/strong> Nadine Bartlett is Assistant Professor in Inclusive Education and Taylor Ellis is Research Assistant, Faculty of Education both at the University of Manitoba<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Across Canada,\u00a0children with disabilities are disadvantaged\u00a0when it comes to the support they receive in schools. While Canada espouses a commitment to\u00a0inclusive education, the right to it remains elusive for some students. Our research team at the University of Manitoba revealed another grave problem that needs redress: The\u00a0shocking use of physical restraint and seclusion spaces, which […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":55459,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-55458","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nRestraining and secluding students with disabilities is an urgent human rights issue - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Restraining and secluding students with disabilities is an urgent human rights issue - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Across Canada,\u00a0children with disabilities are disadvantaged\u00a0when it comes to the support they receive in schools. While Canada espouses a commitment to\u00a0inclusive education, the right to it remains elusive for some students. Our research team at the University of Manitoba revealed another grave problem that needs redress: The\u00a0shocking use of physical restraint and seclusion spaces, which […]\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-01-07T19:17:36+00:00\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-01-08T04:01:30+00:00\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Restraining-and-secluding-students.jpg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"680\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"424\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kevin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"headline\":\"Restraining and secluding students with disabilities is an urgent human rights issue\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-01-07T19:17:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-01-08T04:01:30+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1124,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/01\\\/Restraining-and-secluding-students.jpg\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\\\/\",\"name\":\"Restraining and secluding students with disabilities is an urgent human rights issue - World leading higher education information and services\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/01\\\/Restraining-and-secluding-students.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-01-07T19:17:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-01-08T04:01:30+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/01\\\/Restraining-and-secluding-students.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/01\\\/Restraining-and-secluding-students.jpg\",\"width\":680,\"height\":424},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Restraining and secluding students with disabilities is an urgent human rights issue\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/\",\"name\":\"World leading higher education information and services\",\"description\":\"Global Higher Education Jobs, University jobs, Lecturer & tenure jobs.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\",\"name\":\"Kevin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g8ba4c352a279c450aa9435d770c1ebf4\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Kevin\"},\"description\":\"Kevin is founder of the world.edu project. The past 28 years have been involved in publishing to the education sector in print and the internet. Kevin has a degree in Education and has a many years experience in developing companies and projects.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/author\\\/kevin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Restraining and secluding students with disabilities is an urgent human rights issue - World leading higher education information and services","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/world.edu\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Restraining and secluding students with disabilities is an urgent human rights issue - World leading higher education information and services","og_description":"Across Canada,\u00a0children with disabilities are disadvantaged\u00a0when it comes to the support they receive in schools. While Canada espouses a commitment to\u00a0inclusive education, the right to it remains elusive for some students. Our research team at the University of Manitoba revealed another grave problem that needs redress: The\u00a0shocking use of physical restraint and seclusion spaces, which […]","og_url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\/","og_site_name":"World leading higher education information and services","article_published_time":"2021-01-07T19:17:36+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-01-08T04:01:30+00:00","og_image":[{"width":680,"height":424,"url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Restraining-and-secluding-students.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Kevin","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Kevin","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\/"},"author":{"name":"Kevin","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#\/schema\/person\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee"},"headline":"Restraining and secluding students with disabilities is an urgent human rights issue","datePublished":"2021-01-07T19:17:36+00:00","dateModified":"2021-01-08T04:01:30+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\/"},"wordCount":1124,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Restraining-and-secluding-students.jpg","inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\/","url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\/","name":"Restraining and secluding students with disabilities is an urgent human rights issue - World leading higher education information and services","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Restraining-and-secluding-students.jpg","datePublished":"2021-01-07T19:17:36+00:00","dateModified":"2021-01-08T04:01:30+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#\/schema\/person\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/world.edu\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Restraining-and-secluding-students.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Restraining-and-secluding-students.jpg","width":680,"height":424},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/restraining-and-secluding-students-with-disabilities-is-an-urgent-human-rights-issue-january-4-2021-12-26pm-est\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/world.edu\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Restraining and secluding students with disabilities is an urgent human rights issue"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#website","url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/","name":"World leading higher education information and services","description":"Global Higher Education Jobs, University jobs, Lecturer & tenure jobs.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#\/schema\/person\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee","name":"Kevin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g8ba4c352a279c450aa9435d770c1ebf4","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Kevin"},"description":"Kevin is founder of the world.edu project. The past 28 years have been involved in publishing to the education sector in print and the internet. Kevin has a degree in Education and has a many years experience in developing companies and projects.","sameAs":["https:\/\/world.edu"],"url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/author\/kevin\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55458","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55458"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55458\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55472,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55458\/revisions\/55472"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/55459"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55458"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55458"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55458"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=55458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}