{"id":55447,"date":"2021-01-06T11:02:03","date_gmt":"2021-01-06T19:02:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=55447"},"modified":"2021-01-06T11:02:03","modified_gmt":"2021-01-06T19:02:03","slug":"school-budgets-have-held-up-better-than-expected-in-some-states-but-looming-cuts-will-hurt-learning-long-after-pandemic-ends","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/school-budgets-have-held-up-better-than-expected-in-some-states-but-looming-cuts-will-hurt-learning-long-after-pandemic-ends\/","title":{"rendered":"School budgets have held up better than expected in some states, but looming cuts will hurt learning long after pandemic ends"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

The year 2020 may prove to be pivotal in the history of U.S. public education. Many children have gone\u00a0missing from school completely<\/a>\u00a0since March, and millions more are struggling with wholly\u00a0inadequate online learning experiences<\/a>. Lower-income and minority children are\u00a0particularly hard-hit<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The pandemic has exposed and\u00a0exacerbated deep inequities<\/a>\u00a0across our public schools. Merely restoring school budgets to their prepandemic levels will not be enough to address them after this long period of limited learning.<\/p>\n

So far, most states have\u00a0avoided deep education budget cuts<\/a>\u00a0this school year. However, they project revenue\u00a0shortfalls for the 2021-22<\/a>\u00a0school year.<\/p>\n

Because education is labor-intensive, budget cuts would mean layoffs and pay freezes. This would harm in-class instruction and student progress and well-being at a time when it\u2019s most needed.<\/p>\n

As a former state education administrator and current university\u00a0professor and researcher<\/a>, I have seen how\u00a0state investment<\/a>\u00a0in public schools can boost economies long-term and strengthen civic life.<\/p>\n

Where the money comes from<\/strong><\/h4>\n

U.S. public schools are decentralized \u2013 there are 50 state systems and the District of Columbia. This limits the role of the federal government. Still, Washington can help.<\/p>\n

Superintendents of the nation\u2019s three largest school districts \u2013 New York, Los Angeles and Chicago \u2013\u00a0have called on Congress<\/a>\u00a0to appropriate funds for school cleaning and protective equipment, testing and contact tracing, mental health supports and in-person summer school programs. Cost is estimated at US$125 billion nationally.<\/p>\n

President-elect Biden has called for nearly\u00a0$200 billion<\/a>\u00a0in new funding for schools and pledged to direct the Federal Emergency Management Agency to guarantee schools full access to disaster relief funds.<\/p>\n

Given the federal government\u2019s virtually unlimited borrowing capacity at\u00a0very low interest<\/a>\u00a0and Washington\u2019s current appetite for deficit spending, a K-12 investment at the level called for by the superintendents or the president-elect could be folded into a larger relief package aimed at state and local government by the new 2021 Congress.<\/p>\n

Any lasting rescue of our K-12 schools, however, must come from the states, which provide, on average,\u00a047% of school revenue<\/a>. Local districts raise 45%, with the remaining 8% coming from the federal government. And unlike Congress, states must\u00a0balance their budgets<\/a>.<\/p>\n

State revenues held up\u00a0better than expected<\/a>\u00a0this past spring. Revenues for fiscal year 2020, which ended June 30 in most states, came in\u00a0higher than expected<\/a>. That\u2019s largely because the recession\u00a0primarily hit lower-income workers<\/a>, who pay less in taxes than their higher-earning counterparts.<\/p>\n

Federal aid from the CARES Act, including expanded unemployment benefits, also boosted incomes and spending back in the spring and summer. The act provided about\u00a0$13.5 billion<\/a>\u00a0directly to schools to cover costs of COVID-19 safety measures and related costs.<\/p>\n

The higher-than-expected tax revenues, along with the CARES Act funds, helped states cushion the blow to school districts\u2019 current year budgets. For example, in my state of Michigan, K-12 funding for fiscal years 2020 and 2021 was spared from cuts. In fact, districts were given a small, one-time cushion of\u00a0$160 million<\/a>\u00a0to cover COVID-19-related expenses.<\/p>\n

Georgia, on the other hand, cut K-12 funding for fiscal year 2021 by\u00a0nearly $1 billion<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Trouble ahead<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Concerns about education budget cuts for the coming school year are not misplaced. Much of the CARES Act federal aid expired at the end of 2020.<\/p>\n

In late December, Congress agreed on a new\u00a0$900 billion relief package<\/a>\u00a0that includes\u00a0$54 billion for K-12 schools<\/a>. Most of this aid will be\u00a0delivered through Title I funding<\/a>, which goes to schools with concentrations of low-income children. This one-time relief will help schools this year, but some states may reduce their own support for schools in response.<\/p>\n

When the new federal aid runs out, will states fill the breach? The\u00a0current economic outlook<\/a>\u00a0is extremely uncertain. As COVID-19 cases\u00a0continue to surge<\/a>, our weak but slowly recovering economy could slip back into recession, threatening states\u2019 ability or willingness to adequately fund their schools.<\/p>\n

Local districts rely on property taxes, and these revenues have been\u00a0more stable<\/a>\u00a0during the pandemic than the sales and income taxes that fill state coffers. But, with few exceptions, local districts cannot rescue themselves.<\/p>\n

States play an essential role in equalizing educational opportunities across rich and poor districts, with most aid distributed by formulas that\u00a0favor poor districts<\/a>. As a result, thousands of property-poor and low-income districts\u00a0rely heavily on state aid<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Right now, researchers say the need for support among poorer districts is\u00a0enormous and growing<\/a>. As the pandemic surges into the winter months and schools continue to rely heavily on remote instruction, evidence of student learning loss is mounting.<\/p>\n

Researchers from Stanford University<\/a>\u00a0analyzed reading and math scores in 18 states and the District of Columbia. They found that, by the end of the 2019-20 school year, the average elementary and secondary school student had lost between a third of a year and a full year in reading progress since March. In math, the loss was from about three-quarters of a year to more than a year. The losses were much more severe for students from economically disadvantaged families.<\/p>\n

Another study<\/a>\u00a0by management consulting firm McKinsey & Company found similar evidence of learning loss, with greater losses in math than reading and particularly acute losses in schools predominately serving students of color.<\/p>\n

Educators may question the precision of these findings, and the\u00a0Stanford researchers note<\/a>\u00a0their estimates of learning loss are based on projected and not actual 2020 achievement scores. More study, including in-class assessments by skilled classroom teachers, will be needed to accurately gauge students\u2019 learning losses.<\/p>\n

But two basic conclusions are inescapable. First, remote learning has proven far\u00a0inferior to in-class learning<\/a>\u00a0for the vast majority of students. And second, the consequences have been much\u00a0more dire for low-income and minority children<\/a>, who are more likely to be learning remotely while lacking the technology, school support and family resources needed to succeed in that environment.<\/p>\n

Left unaddressed, these educational deprivations can have\u00a0effects that last a lifetime<\/a>, robbing students of their economic prospects and their potential for rewarding civic participation.<\/p>\n

Local districts cannot address these growing inequities and learning gaps on their own. They will need to rely on states and the federal government to not only help restore local school budgets to prepandemic levels, but provide schools with additional resources \u2013 including more teachers, counselors, social workers, psychologists, technology and training \u2013 to remedy the educational and emotional deficits that have mounted since the pandemic struck in the spring.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Michael Addonizio is Professor of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies at Wayne State University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The year 2020 may prove to be pivotal in the history of U.S. public education. Many children have gone\u00a0missing from school completely\u00a0since March, and millions more are struggling with wholly\u00a0inadequate online learning experiences. Lower-income and minority children are\u00a0particularly hard-hit. The pandemic has exposed and\u00a0exacerbated deep inequities\u00a0across our public schools. Merely restoring school budgets to their […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":55448,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[357584],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-55447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","tag-school-budgets"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSchool budgets have held up better than expected in some states, but looming cuts will hurt learning long after pandemic ends - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/school-budgets-have-held-up-better-than-expected-in-some-states-but-looming-cuts-will-hurt-learning-long-after-pandemic-ends\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"School budgets have held up better than expected in some states, but looming cuts will hurt learning long after pandemic ends - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The year 2020 may prove to be pivotal in the history of U.S. public education. 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