{"id":55172,"date":"2020-12-12T00:00:14","date_gmt":"2020-12-12T08:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=55172"},"modified":"2020-12-11T12:03:09","modified_gmt":"2020-12-11T20:03:09","slug":"feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\/","title":{"rendered":"Feel free to disagree on campus \u2026 by learning to do it well"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

The\u00a0French Review<\/a>\u00a0didn\u2019t confirm a \u201cfree speech crisis<\/a>\u201d in Australian universities. But nor did its report last year confirm free speech was \u201calive and well<\/a>\u201d, as Universities Australia would have it. In many university policies the report found vague language, which could rule out voicing a view deemed offensive.<\/p>\n

Most universities have updated their policies in response to the French Review\u2019s Model Code on Freedom of Speech and Academic Freedom, and related\u00a0amendments to higher education legislation<\/a>\u00a0are before the parliament. On Wednesday, the\u00a0Walker Review<\/a>\u00a0of universities\u2019 implementation of the code\u00a0reported<\/a>\u00a0that many don\u2019t fully reflect the code yet.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Former vice-chancellor Sally Walker has found policies are fully aligned with the French model code at nine universities, mostly aligned at 14, partly aligned at four and not aligned at six, with the rest still finalising their policies. Lukas Coch\/AAP<\/p><\/div>\n

However they fare on this, many will also recall the French Review\u2019s observation:<\/p>\n

A culture powerfully predisposed to the exercise of freedom of speech and academic freedom is ultimately a more effective protection than the most tightly drawn rule. A culture not so predisposed will undermine the most emphatic statement of principles.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Of course, universities promote respect for others\u2019 rights, and civility more generally. They have a duty to foster the well-being of students and staff. But in the model code this doesn\u2019t \u201cextend to a duty to protect any person from feeling offended or shocked or insulted by the lawful speech of another\u201d.<\/p>\n

Like the\u00a0Chicago Principles<\/a>, the model code reflects legal limits on free expression, but doesn\u2019t seek to enforce civility as a formal campus rule. It recognises universities as institutions where disagreement runs deep and where diverse views \u2014 even those some find offensive \u2014 should be exchanged freely and challenged openly.<\/p>\n

So, apart from clarifying policy, how can universities promote a \u201cfree to disagree\u201d culture on campus? Not just in name, but in norms?<\/p>\n

Learning how to disagree well<\/strong><\/h4>\n

One way may be to focus more on teaching students how to argue persuasively. On topics where positions are polarised,\u00a0ad hominem<\/em> attacks<\/a>\u00a0are common. On the topic of climate change, for example, debates often slide into shouting matches between \u201cdeniers\u201d and \u201czealots\u201d. Or they may proceed mainly in the form of petty point-scoring, as in the recent US presidential debates.<\/p>\n

To keep debates robust and constructive, it helps to recognise other diversionary tactics and defensive routines. My \u201cDisagree Well On Campus\u201d model (shown below \u2014 click to enlarge) calls on scholars to aim high.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Disagree Well On Campus model. For robust and open debate, aim high. Make your case at levels 1-2. Avoid (and recognise) level 3 tactics. Author provided<\/p><\/div>\n

This means they should contest an opponent\u2019s claims with logic and evidence, a level 2 counter argument. If they can do this well enough, the case at hand \u2014 whether mainstream or minority \u2014 may be refuted (or reframed, or reaffirmed) to a scholarly standard, level 1.<\/p>\n

But, as the list of level 3 \u201cdogmatic avoidance\u201d tactics suggests, there are many ways to differ without resolving anything. At the low end, personal accusations and name-calling aren\u2019t arguments in a level 2 sense. Often they signal a refusal to debate the substance of\u00a0this<\/em>\u00a0kind of topic with\u00a0that<\/em>\u00a0kind of person.<\/p>\n

Consider how your last big argument went. Was it level 1, 2 or 3?<\/p>\n

Level 3 tactics explained<\/strong><\/h4>\n

At level 3, the first two \u201cappeal\u201d tactics\u00a0enlist support<\/em>\u00a0for a view by appealing to a higher authority or greater good. (But how far do we rely on one, or prioritise the other?)<\/p>\n

The next four \u201cmisdirection\u201d tactics\u00a0evade the point<\/em>\u00a0of an opponent\u2019s view. This is done mainly by raising other concerns. (But how relevant and significant are these to the main argument?)<\/p>\n

The final three \u201cexclusion\u201d tactics\u00a0withdraw the commitment to engage<\/em>\u00a0with an opponent\u2019s viewpoint, or take it seriously, by casting doubt on their morality, sincerity or credibility.<\/p>\n

At level 3, common avoidance tactics include \u201cstraw man\u201d arguments (Misdirect 4). An opponent\u2019s view is restated in a way that gives it unintended meanings. This caricature is then refuted, instead of the actual claim.<\/p>\n

Another tactic is to cite a technical fact as a trump card, which seems to settle which side is right (Misdirect 2). But this may be a \u201cred herring\u201d that leads away from the point at issue (Misdirect 1). Or it may be an unreliable form of evidence. The phrase \u201clies, damned lies and statistics<\/a>\u201d refers to the use of carefully selected factoids to prop up or put down a case. Often this amounts to spin by omission, not the level of proof that independent experts would accept.<\/p>\n

Another level 3 tactic is to take offence at the tone or terms of an opposing view, without addressing its substance (BadHom 1). This is more civil than calling someone an FBDZS \u2014 a fool, bigot, denier, zealot or snowflake (BadHom 3). But by shifting off-topic to invoke rules of civility, it offers scope to censor or end the exchange without conceding any substantive point.<\/p>\n

\"\" <\/p>\n

\u2018Heretic protection\u2019 on campus \u2013 but with rigour<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Many debates mix level 2 and level 3 ways of arguing. Some are \u201cwon on the day\u201d with level 3 tactics alone. But rhetorical point-scoring doesn\u2019t amount to scholarly refutation.<\/p>\n

Once a majority view seems settled on this basis, any dissenting minority view \u2014 even one with valid points to make \u2014 may become undiscussable. In a university context, this is where the principle of academic freedom does its work. As one scholar\u00a0observes<\/a>: \u201cpopular or mainstream ideas generally need no protection\u201d.<\/p>\n

As places of higher learning, universities assume responsibility for protecting free expression and open exchange when views diverge, while also promoting the practice of scholarly refutation. This stance affords \u201cheretic protection\u201d to minority views, while also exposing them to robust counter-argument.<\/p>\n

As future leaders and experts, university graduates will need to reach and justify decisions that have wide real-world consequences. Often these decisions will be made in the face of firm opposition from many of those affected. Being able to argue clearly and persuasively, and to tell the difference between a well-reasoned case and slippery rhetoric, will be critical professional skills.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Geoff Sharrock is Honorary Senior Fellow, Centre for Vocational and Educational Policy at the University of Melbourne<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The\u00a0French Review\u00a0didn\u2019t confirm a \u201cfree speech crisis\u201d in Australian universities. But nor did its report last year confirm free speech was \u201calive and well\u201d, as Universities Australia would have it. In many university policies the report found vague language, which could rule out voicing a view deemed offensive. Most universities have updated their policies in […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":55173,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[357546],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-55172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-higher-education","tag-disagree-well"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFeel free to disagree on campus \u2026 by learning to do it well - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Feel free to disagree on campus \u2026 by learning to do it well - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The\u00a0French Review\u00a0didn\u2019t confirm a \u201cfree speech crisis\u201d in Australian universities. But nor did its report last year confirm free speech was \u201calive and well\u201d, as Universities Australia would have it. In many university policies the report found vague language, which could rule out voicing a view deemed offensive. Most universities have updated their policies in […]\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-12-12T08:00:14+00:00\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/DisagreeonCampus.jpg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"680\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"430\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kevin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"headline\":\"Feel free to disagree on campus \u2026 by learning to do it well\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-12-12T08:00:14+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1065,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/12\\\/DisagreeonCampus.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"disagree well\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Higher Education\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\\\/\",\"name\":\"Feel free to disagree on campus \u2026 by learning to do it well - World leading higher education information and services\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/12\\\/DisagreeonCampus.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-12-12T08:00:14+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/12\\\/DisagreeonCampus.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/12\\\/DisagreeonCampus.jpg\",\"width\":680,\"height\":430},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Feel free to disagree on campus \u2026 by learning to do it well\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/\",\"name\":\"World leading higher education information and services\",\"description\":\"Global Higher Education Jobs, University jobs, Lecturer & tenure jobs.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\",\"name\":\"Kevin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g8ba4c352a279c450aa9435d770c1ebf4\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Kevin\"},\"description\":\"Kevin is founder of the world.edu project. The past 28 years have been involved in publishing to the education sector in print and the internet. Kevin has a degree in Education and has a many years experience in developing companies and projects.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/author\\\/kevin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Feel free to disagree on campus \u2026 by learning to do it well - World leading higher education information and services","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/world.edu\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Feel free to disagree on campus \u2026 by learning to do it well - World leading higher education information and services","og_description":"The\u00a0French Review\u00a0didn\u2019t confirm a \u201cfree speech crisis\u201d in Australian universities. But nor did its report last year confirm free speech was \u201calive and well\u201d, as Universities Australia would have it. In many university policies the report found vague language, which could rule out voicing a view deemed offensive. Most universities have updated their policies in […]","og_url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\/","og_site_name":"World leading higher education information and services","article_published_time":"2020-12-12T08:00:14+00:00","og_image":[{"width":680,"height":430,"url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/DisagreeonCampus.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Kevin","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Kevin","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\/"},"author":{"name":"Kevin","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#\/schema\/person\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee"},"headline":"Feel free to disagree on campus \u2026 by learning to do it well","datePublished":"2020-12-12T08:00:14+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\/"},"wordCount":1065,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/DisagreeonCampus.jpg","keywords":["disagree well"],"articleSection":["Higher Education"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\/","url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\/","name":"Feel free to disagree on campus \u2026 by learning to do it well - World leading higher education information and services","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/DisagreeonCampus.jpg","datePublished":"2020-12-12T08:00:14+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#\/schema\/person\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/world.edu\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/DisagreeonCampus.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/DisagreeonCampus.jpg","width":680,"height":430},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/feel-free-to-disagree-on-campus-by-learning-to-do-it-well\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/world.edu\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Feel free to disagree on campus \u2026 by learning to do it well"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#website","url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/","name":"World leading higher education information and services","description":"Global Higher Education Jobs, University jobs, Lecturer & tenure jobs.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/world.edu\/#\/schema\/person\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee","name":"Kevin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g8ba4c352a279c450aa9435d770c1ebf4","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1e8d491a5f9b9bf3db67c9e46abbba7bb06b26b458bd5025c55e0a4b9b60ea8a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Kevin"},"description":"Kevin is founder of the world.edu project. The past 28 years have been involved in publishing to the education sector in print and the internet. Kevin has a degree in Education and has a many years experience in developing companies and projects.","sameAs":["https:\/\/world.edu"],"url":"https:\/\/world.edu\/author\/kevin\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55172","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55172"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55177,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55172\/revisions\/55177"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/55173"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55172"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=55172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}