{"id":55101,"date":"2020-12-07T00:00:53","date_gmt":"2020-12-07T08:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=55101"},"modified":"2020-12-06T12:31:12","modified_gmt":"2020-12-06T20:31:12","slug":"online-exam-monitoring-can-invade-privacy-and-erode-trust-at-universities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/online-exam-monitoring-can-invade-privacy-and-erode-trust-at-universities\/","title":{"rendered":"Online exam monitoring can invade privacy and erode trust at universities"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

The health risks posed by COVID-19 mean most Canadian university classes are\u00a0online this year<\/a>. As a result, some students will write exams online via\u00a0remote proctoring platforms<\/a>\u00a0that surveil their activities.<\/p>\n

These tools go by names like\u00a0ProctorU<\/a>,\u00a0Examity<\/a>,\u00a0Respondus<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Proctorio<\/a>, among others. Designed by for-profit tech startups, they monitor students\u2019 laptops, tablets or phones during the course of an exam. Proctoring tools can\u00a0monitor eye movements<\/a>,\u00a0capture students\u2019 keystrokes<\/a>,\u00a0record their screens<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0track their searches<\/a>\u00a0as well as their home environments and physical behaviours.<\/p>\n

As an education technology scholar, I see institutions turning to online proctoring in the name of\u00a0academic integrity<\/a>, to prevent cheating. But the risks of exchanging the four walls of the classroom for surveillance platforms\u00a0may be higher than many institutions bargained for<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Testing and proctoring methods that invade privacy and erode trust end up undermining the very integrity that institutions demand students uphold.<\/p>\n

Consequences of being flagged by the tool<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Institutions pay proctoring services to address a core paradox of online learning: the internet puts a world of knowledge at learners\u2019 fingertips, but schools tend to count using that knowledge as cheating.<\/p>\n

Some\u00a0proctoring<\/a>\u00a0vendors<\/a>\u00a0use algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI) to flag\u00a0suspicious behaviour<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Some also offer\u00a0human proctors<\/a>\u00a0as an option\u00a0in combination with AI<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Tools that use eye tracking can flag students who fail to keep their eyes on the webcam or screen, even if the reason is\u00a0autism or disability rather than cheating<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In the all-seeing eye of the remote proctor,\u00a0all students become potential cheaters<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Equity is also not a consideration for online proctoring. Some platforms use\u00a0discriminatory facial recognition technologies<\/a>\u00a0that work poorly with darker skin, forcing students to sit for exams with\u00a0bright lights shining in their faces<\/a>\u00a0in order to be recognized by AI.<\/p>\n

Others force students to verify their identity via government-issued ID, potentially\u00a0outing trans<\/a>\u00a0or undocumented learners.<\/p>\n

Control over students\u2019 environments<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Even prior to the pandemic, some\u00a0higher education voices<\/a>\u00a0had\u00a0raised concerns<\/a>\u00a0about proctoring platforms. When COVID-19 forced institutions online, protests and stories\u00a0began to emerge<\/a>\u00a0about the extremes these technologies can impose.<\/p>\n

Some students were told to ensure\u00a0no one else in their home used the internet<\/a>\u00a0during an exam, despite the fact that students may live together and take the same classes, or live at home with family members also working and learning online.<\/p>\n

In the United Kingdom, some students reported resorting to wearing\u00a0adult diapers<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0urinating in bottles<\/a>\u00a0in order to avoid having their assessments flagged or terminated.<\/p>\n

In October, a new lawyer in New York went into labour in the middle of her bar exam, but did not\u00a0leave her chair<\/a>\u00a0for fear of being disqualified as a potential cheater.<\/p>\n

And while robo-proctors\u2019 algorithmic decision-making is at the core of most critiques, even the platforms that use human proctors\u00a0can create anxiety<\/a>\u00a0and harm for students sitting exams.<\/p>\n

In August, a Muslim lawyer in the U.K. deferred her\u00a0high-stakes bar exam<\/a>\u00a0until December. She was told she\u2019d have to partially remove her headscarf in order to validate her identity, but the platform refused to guarantee her a female proctor.<\/p>\n

Some\u00a0students<\/a>\u00a0in\u00a0Canada<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0elsewhere<\/a>\u00a0have protested proctoring with petitions.<\/p>\n

Data privacy<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Platforms that collect biometric data \u2014 including students\u2019\u00a0unique facial and voice data<\/a>\u00a0as well as behavioural data \u2014 as a condition of course completion put students at risk of\u00a0data breaches<\/a>.<\/p>\n

These risks are an extension of higher education\u2019s\u00a0data ethics gap<\/a>, and teach students that violation of their\u00a0data privacy<\/a>\u00a0is normal.<\/p>\n

In a pandemic, the trade-off of data for access can feel like safety. When it comes to proctoring, though, students have no say in the trade-off they\u2019re subjected to. One University of British Columbia student who tried to have his say about Proctorio found himself\u00a0publicly addressed by its CEO<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Remote proctoring gives corporate third parties a controlling hand in the academic integrity conversation between students and their institutions.<\/p>\n

This is a breach of\u00a0the duty of care<\/a>\u00a0that universities owe students, and an abdication of higher education\u2019s\u00a0societal role<\/a>\u00a0to create opportunity, not harm.<\/p>\n

True, the contemporary web demands we click \u201cYes\u201d to data collection as the\u00a0price of admission<\/a>\u00a0to everything from recipe sites to banking apps. But higher education is where people go to learn to think critically about emergent challenges in society.<\/p>\n

If universities demand students ignore data privacy concerns just to take tests, then which societal institution will teach us to value\u00a0the new commodity that is our data<\/a>?<\/p>\n

Academia doesn\u2019t need proctoring<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The truth is, higher education doesn\u2019t need proctoring.<\/p>\n

For over 25 years, the field of online learning has been about enabling students to contribute to the abundance of knowledge on the web. The internet can be a way to support learners to connect meaningfully while protecting communities from COVID-19.<\/p>\n

But\u00a0proctoring tools don\u2019t serve those ends<\/a>. Timed, proctored tests value what students remember. Proctoring tools reinforce an\u00a0approach to teaching and learning<\/a>\u00a0that is all about memorization.<\/p>\n

Is memorization really a valid educational reason for risking privacy, well-being, and tight university budgets in a world where students will spend most of their lives with Google in their pockets?<\/p>\n

Students might be better served by\u00a0alternative approaches to assessment<\/a>\u00a0that focus on how they synthesize, apply and interpret information at their fingertips.<\/p>\n

Rather than spending on remote proctoring, institutional funds could be re-allocated to hire more educators and reduce class sizes. Large classes make it challenging to evaluate learning without resorting to multiple choice testing. Some faculty might also benefit from added invigilation support, or grading support. All of this can be accomplished without automation or invasions of data privacy.<\/p>\n

Academic integrity matters. But integrity works both ways.<\/p>\n

As 2020 draws to a close, institutions need to be careful not to toss out the metaphorical baby of higher learning in order to hang on to the bathwater of high-stakes testing.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Bonnie Stewart is Assistant Professor, Online Pedagogy & Workplace Learning, Faculty of Education at the University of Windsor<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The health risks posed by COVID-19 mean most Canadian university classes are\u00a0online this year. As a result, some students will write exams online via\u00a0remote proctoring platforms\u00a0that surveil their activities. These tools go by names like\u00a0ProctorU,\u00a0Examity,\u00a0Respondus\u00a0and\u00a0Proctorio, among others. Designed by for-profit tech startups, they monitor students\u2019 laptops, tablets or phones during the course of an exam. […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":55102,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[357537],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-55101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-higher-education","tag-proctoring"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nOnline exam monitoring can invade privacy and erode trust at universities - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/online-exam-monitoring-can-invade-privacy-and-erode-trust-at-universities\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Online exam monitoring can invade privacy and erode trust at universities - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The health risks posed by COVID-19 mean most Canadian university classes are\u00a0online this year. 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