{"id":54975,"date":"2020-11-26T00:00:06","date_gmt":"2020-11-26T08:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=54975"},"modified":"2020-11-25T11:25:04","modified_gmt":"2020-11-25T19:25:04","slug":"california-vetoed-ethnic-studies-requirements-for-public-high-school-students-but-the-movement-grows","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/california-vetoed-ethnic-studies-requirements-for-public-high-school-students-but-the-movement-grows\/","title":{"rendered":"California vetoed ethnic studies requirements for public high school students, but the movement grows"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-54976\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ethnic_studies23.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ethnic_studies23.jpg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ethnic_studies23-250x74.jpg 250w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ethnic_studies23-600x176.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>California Gov. Gavin Newsom surprised many supporters in his state earlier this fall when he\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/edsource.org\/2020\/gov-newsom-vetoes-requirement-for-ethnic-studies-course-in-high-school\/640877\">vetoed a bill<\/a>\u00a0that would have required public high school students to take ethnic studies. The move was unexpected as, just a few weeks earlier, the state had made\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/although-now-required-by-california-law-ethnic-studies-courses-likely-to-be-met-with-resistance-145192\">ethnic studies mandatory for the California State University system<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Furthermore, in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB2016\">2016 the state passed a measure<\/a>\u00a0establishing a commission to create a model ethnic studies curriculum for high schools.<\/p>\n<p>Newsom vetoed the bill after a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/edsource.org\/2020\/gov-newsom-vetoes-requirement-for-ethnic-studies-course-in-high-school\/640877\">mix of liberals and conservatives argued<\/a>\u00a0the curriculum was too radical, and that as drafted it would\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Demographics_of_California\">not encompass all of California\u2019s many ethnic communities<\/a>. In Newsom\u2019s opinion, the model curriculum \u201cstill needs revision.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Despite the veto, California\u2019s struggle highlights a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nea.org\/advocating-for-change\/new-from-nea\/ethnic-studies-classes-growing-popularity\">growing national movement<\/a>\u00a0to teach ethnic studies in K-12 classrooms. As a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uwb.edu\/education\/faculty-staff\/wayneau\">professor<\/a>, a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?user=dDEh8oIAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\">scholar<\/a>\u00a0of educational justice and the co-editor of the book \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkingschools.org\/books\/rethinking-ethnic-studies\/\">Rethinking Ethnic Studies<\/a>,\u201d I have tracked this movement for years.<\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"Ige8s\" class=\"tc-infographic-datawrapper\" style=\"border: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/Ige8s\/4\/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"400px\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h4><strong>What is ethnic studies?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/achieve.lausd.net\/cms\/lib\/CA01000043\/Centricity\/Domain\/578\/Ethnic%20Studies%20Def-Guiding%20Principles.pdf\">Ethnic studies<\/a>\u00a0focuses on student and community identity, history and culture.<\/p>\n<p>While it originally emphasized race, ethnic studies now also looks at how gender, sexuality, language and economic class \u2013 among other aspects of identity \u2013 intersect with race and ethnicity. It requires students to develop an understanding of systematic oppression and encourages them to participate in community activism.<\/p>\n<p>For instance, an ethnic studies class might\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.zinnedproject.org\/materials\/presidents-and-slaves-helping-students-find-the-truth\/\">analyze textbooks<\/a>\u00a0for omissions about which U.S. presidents were slave owners and then write to the textbook companies. Or it might teach students about the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkingschools.org\/articles\/i-dont-like-china-or-chinese-people-because-they-started-this-quarantine\/\">links between<\/a>\u00a0anti-Chinese racism and plague in the U.S. at the turn of the 20th century and again today in response to the coronavirus pandemic.<\/p>\n<p>Ethnic studies might also teach students about the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkingschools.org\/articles\/rethinking-thanksgiving-myths-and-misgivings\/\">myths of Thanksgiving<\/a>\u00a0and encourage them to challenge these myths at school or at home \u2013 and learn more about the experiences of Native American communities.<\/p>\n<p>There are a variety of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkingschools.org\/books\/rethinking-ethnic-studies\/\">K-12 ethnic studies frameworks<\/a>\u00a0in different schools, districts and states. Most include concepts of critical self-reflection, community transformation, social justice in the face of ongoing injustice, caring for self and community, histories of colonization and processes of decolonization, and healing from historical traumas such as slavery and attempted genocide.<\/p>\n<p>K-12 ethnic studies also emphasizes\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11256-014-0280-y\">teaching through dialogue and other interactive methods<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 as opposed to lectures and rote memorization. Teachers can then draw on their students\u2019 own personal experiences and what they know about their cultures.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>San Francisco students strike<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Ethnic studies became an official academic field in 1968 after a coalition of Black, Latino, Asian American and Native American students \u2013 known as the Third World Liberation Front \u2013 at San Francisco State College (now SFSU)\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.foundsf.org\/index.php?title=STRIKE!..._Concerning_the_1968-69_Strike_at_San_Francisco_State_College\">went on strike<\/a>. Their demands included establishing an ethnic studies department and hiring faculty to teach African American studies and other courses.<\/p>\n<p>The rise of ethnic studies on that campus was emblematic of the times, and several\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nameorg.org\/learn\/ethnic_studies_or_multicultura.php\">K-12 schools<\/a>\u00a0across the country followed suit. In the 1970s, African-centered schools opened in Chicago, Los Angeles and other cities. A handful of high schools introduced electives in African American, Asian American, Native American and Mexican American studies.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Arizona bans Mexican American studies<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>However, the current K-12 ethnic studies movement took off when\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.azleg.gov\/legtext\/49leg\/2r\/summary\/h.hb2281_05-03-10_astransmittedtogovernor.doc.htm#:%7E:text=HB%202281%20prohibits%20a%20school,race%20or%20class%20of%20people\">Arizona lawmakers passed HB 2281<\/a>\u00a0in 2010.<\/p>\n<p>That law prohibited any course deemed to \u201cpromote the overthrow of the United States government or promote resentment toward a race or class of people,\u201d or any classes that \u201cadvocate ethnic solidarity instead of the treatment of pupils as individuals.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The state government then took aim at the Tucson Unified School District\u2019s Mexican American Studies program. The program had been\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkingschools.org\/articles\/outlawing-solidarity-in-arizona\/\">under attack by conservative state officials<\/a>. They claimed it was un-American and biased against white people.<\/p>\n<p>When HB 2281\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/scholarship.law.unc.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=4617&amp;context=nclr&amp;httpsredir=1&amp;referer=\">took effect in 2012<\/a>, officials stopped the Mexican American studies classes in Tucson and removed\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/newstaco.com\/2012\/01\/31\/a-copy-of-tucsons-banned-book-list\/\">banned books<\/a>\u00a0from classrooms \u2013 sometimes while classes were in session.<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/ed\/2017\/08\/13\/541814668\/ethnic-studies-a-movement-born-of-a-ban\">ban became a flashpoint<\/a>\u00a0for educators and activists.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_54977\" style=\"width: 690px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-54977\" class=\"size-full wp-image-54977\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/TucsonProtest.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"442\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/TucsonProtest.jpg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/TucsonProtest-250x163.jpg 250w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/TucsonProtest-600x390.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-54977\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters object to the removal of Tucson\u2019s Mexican American Studies program. Ross D. Franklin\/AP Photo<\/p><\/div>\n<h4><strong>A national movement grows<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>A few large public school districts like\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2005\/06\/25\/education\/philadelphia-mandates-black-history-for-graduation.html\">Philadelphia<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sfexaminer.com\/news\/school-board-working-to-put-ethnic-studies-at-heart-of-district-curriculum\/\">San Francisco<\/a>\u00a0created ethnic studies courses before the Arizona ban. But between 2013 and 2018, districts up and down the West Coast like\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.seattleschools.org\/academics\/curriculum\/ethnic_studies\">Seattle<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/asian-america\/portland-public-schools-board-vote-ethnic-studies-high-schools-n567171\">Portland<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/asian-america\/oakland-schools-join-others-california-requiring-ethnic-studies-n459886\">Oakland<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/aacre.org\/sacramento-approves-ethnic-studies-as-a-graduation-requirement\/\">Sacramento<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/achieve.lausd.net\/site\/default.aspx?PageType=3&amp;DomainID=4&amp;ModuleInstanceID=4466&amp;ViewID=6446EE88-D30C-497E-9316-3F8874B3E108&amp;RenderLoc=0&amp;FlexDataID=96041&amp;PageID=1\">Los Angeles<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sandiegouniontribune.com\/news\/education\/story\/2019-04-10\/san-diego-unified-ethnic-studies\">San Diego<\/a>\u00a0adopted courses and established departments. In some cases, these school systems made taking ethnic studies classes a graduation requirement.<\/p>\n<p>During the same period, ethnic studies programs and courses also began popping up in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/reportingtexas.com\/austin-educators-look-beyond-texas-african-american-studies-course\/\">Austin<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ajc.com\/news\/atlanta-news\/gwinnett-educators-demand-diversity-equality-in-curriculum\/EGXJ2E24DZB4LHI3PC6KB5QVIM\/\">Atlanta<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/news\/ct-xpm-2013-12-12-ct-curriculum-african-american-met-20131212-story.html\">Chicago<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.edweek.org\/edweek\/curriculum\/2017\/10\/courses_on_race_ethnic_studies.html\">Bridgeport, Connecticut<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pvdstudentunion.org\/ethnic-studies\">Providence<\/a>, among other cities.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>State legislation<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The current struggle in California highlights how K-12 ethnic studies has become a matter of state policy too.<\/p>\n<p>Since the 2012 ban in Arizona, nine U.S. states \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB2016\">California<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/legiscan.com\/CT\/text\/HB07082\/2019\">Connecticut<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/iga.in.gov\/legislative\/2017\/bills\/senate\/337#document-3ecc09c1,%20http:\/\/www.indianapolisrecorder.com\/education\/article_831c4172-424a-11e7-a891-0f37ece5e283.html\">Indiana<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.leg.state.nv.us\/App\/NELIS\/REL\/79th2017\/Bill\/4851\/Text\">Nevada<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/olis.leg.state.or.us\/liz\/2017R1\/Downloads\/MeasureDocument\/HB2845\/Enrolled\">Oregon<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tea.texas.gov\/about-tea\/news-and-multimedia\/news-releases\/sboe-news\/sboe-approves-ethnic-studies-course\">Texas<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/legiscan.com\/VT\/text\/H0003\/2019\">Vermont<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/law.lis.virginia.gov\/vacode\/title22.1\/chapter13\/section22.1-208.02\/\">Virginia<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/legiscan.com\/WA\/text\/SB5023\/2019\">Washington<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/thewash.org\/2020\/10\/13\/district-public-schools-undergo-standards-revision-to-include-ethnic-studies\/\">District of Columbia<\/a>\u00a0have passed laws or policies that establish standards, create committees or authorize courses for K-12 ethnic studies specifically, or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/researchguides.austincc.edu\/Multicultural\">multicultural history<\/a>\u00a0more generally.<\/p>\n<p>In the same time period, 12 other states have introduced legislation in support of ethnic studies or multicultural history, but those bills have gotten stuck in committee, been postponed or failed.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Teaching about Native Americans<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>It is important to note that K-12 Native American education standards and curriculum have their own history outside of the movement for ethnic studies.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bia.gov\/bie\">Federal<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.niea.org\/state-indian-education-offices\">state<\/a>\u00a0offices for Native American education have existed for decades.<\/p>\n<p>As a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncai.org\/policy-research-center\/research-data\/prc-publications\/NCAI-Becoming_Visible_Report-Digital_FINAL_10_2019.pdf\">2019 study<\/a>\u00a0by the National Congress of American Indians highlights, at least 10 states have standards for, and require, a Native American education curriculum. About a dozen more have standards for teaching content about Native Americans.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>An Arizonan resurgence<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>K-12 ethnic studies has even seen a resurgence in Arizona.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkingschools.org\/2017\/08\/31\/acosta\/\">A federal judge ruled<\/a>\u00a0in 2017 that Arizona\u2019s law banning ethnic studies was driven by \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/ed\/2017\/08\/22\/545402866\/federal-judge-finds-racism-behind-arizona-law-banning-ethnic-studies\">racial animus<\/a>,\u201d and therefore unconstitutional. During the 2020 session, Arizona state lawmakers considered\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/legiscan.com\/AZ\/text\/SB1589\/id\/2118993\">Senate Bill 1589<\/a>, legislation aimed to develop a new \u201cModel Ethnic Studies Curriculum.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>It never became law, but the fact that it was even introduced in Arizona speaks volumes.<\/p>\n<p>Districts and states may be more open to ethnic studies because the research on its effectiveness is promising. For instance, an analysis of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/arizona.pure.elsevier.com\/en\/publications\/missing-the-student-achievement-forest-for-all-the-political-tree\">Tucson\u2019s banned Mexican American studies<\/a>\u00a0program found that participating in the program increased the likelihood of passing state tests and graduating. Meanwhile, a study of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nber.org\/system\/files\/working_papers\/w21865\/w21865.pdf\">San Francisco\u2019s pilot program<\/a>\u00a0found that ethnic studies courses increased attendance by 21%, raised cumulative GPAs by 1.4 points, and increased students\u2019 credits toward graduation significantly.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Inclusive courses in demand<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Given the demographics of the country\u2019s students, the movement for ethnic studies should come as no surprise. More than half of the 50 million K-12\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/nces.ed.gov\/fastfacts\/display.asp?id=372\">students enrolled<\/a>\u00a0in U.S. public schools are students of color.<\/p>\n<p>Alongside the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/identities\/2020\/7\/29\/21345114\/students-diversify-curriculum-change-antiracist\">students are often leading demands for racial justice<\/a>\u00a0in education once again. They want a curriculum that includes the voices and perspectives of communities of color, and that desire has increased the demand for ethnic studies in a wide range of communities.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio: <\/strong>Wayne Au is Professor of Education at the University of Washington, Bothell<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>California Gov. Gavin Newsom surprised many supporters in his state earlier this fall when he\u00a0vetoed a bill\u00a0that would have required public high school students to take ethnic studies. The move was unexpected as, just a few weeks earlier, the state had made\u00a0ethnic studies mandatory for the California State University system. Furthermore, in\u00a02016 the state passed [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/california-vetoed-ethnic-studies-requirements-for-public-high-school-students-but-the-movement-grows\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":54976,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[357522],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-54975","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-higher-education","tag-ethnic-studies"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>California vetoed ethnic studies requirements for public high school students, but the movement grows - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/california-vetoed-ethnic-studies-requirements-for-public-high-school-students-but-the-movement-grows\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"California vetoed ethnic studies requirements for public high school students, but the movement grows - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"California Gov. Gavin Newsom surprised many supporters in his state earlier this fall when he\u00a0vetoed a bill\u00a0that would have required public high school students to take ethnic studies. The move was unexpected as, just a few weeks earlier, the state had made\u00a0ethnic studies mandatory for the California State University system. Furthermore, in\u00a02016 the state passed [&hellip;]\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/california-vetoed-ethnic-studies-requirements-for-public-high-school-students-but-the-movement-grows\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-11-26T08:00:06+00:00\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/ethnic_studies23.jpg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"680\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"200\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/california-vetoed-ethnic-studies-requirements-for-public-high-school-students-but-the-movement-grows\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/california-vetoed-ethnic-studies-requirements-for-public-high-school-students-but-the-movement-grows\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kevin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"headline\":\"California vetoed ethnic studies requirements for public high school students, but the movement grows\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-26T08:00:06+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/california-vetoed-ethnic-studies-requirements-for-public-high-school-students-but-the-movement-grows\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1189,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/california-vetoed-ethnic-studies-requirements-for-public-high-school-students-but-the-movement-grows\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/ethnic_studies23.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"ethnic studies\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Higher Education\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/california-vetoed-ethnic-studies-requirements-for-public-high-school-students-but-the-movement-grows\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/california-vetoed-ethnic-studies-requirements-for-public-high-school-students-but-the-movement-grows\\\/\",\"name\":\"California vetoed ethnic studies requirements for public high school students, but the movement grows - 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