{"id":54735,"date":"2020-11-06T00:00:19","date_gmt":"2020-11-06T08:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=54735"},"modified":"2020-11-05T10:51:52","modified_gmt":"2020-11-05T18:51:52","slug":"although-now-required-by-california-law-ethnic-studies-courses-likely-to-be-met-with-resistance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/although-now-required-by-california-law-ethnic-studies-courses-likely-to-be-met-with-resistance\/","title":{"rendered":"Although now required by California law, ethnic studies courses likely to be met with resistance"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

In August 2020, California\u00a0passed a law<\/a>\u00a0that requires college students in the state university system to take an ethnic studies course in order to graduate. In essence, the California state legislature has made it mandatory for the nearly\u00a0500,000<\/a>\u00a0students in the Cal State system to take the classes that student activists and others fought for universities to implement decades ago. While these classes are not without controversy, as a scholar who studies\u00a0racial dynamics on college campuses<\/a>, I argue their benefits outweigh their liabilities.<\/p>\n

These classes are offered throughout the country at colleges and universities as varied and diverse as\u00a0Bowling Green State University<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0University of Washington<\/a>. When these classes are taught as they were intended \u2013\u00a0with a heavy focus on issues of race and fighting racism<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 research shows they can improve college students\u2019\u00a0cognitive and social development<\/a>. They can also\u00a0reduce individual racial prejudice<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ethnic studies occupies a unique place within higher education. The field\u2019s\u00a0existence is owed<\/a>\u00a0to grassroots struggles of communities of color and their allies. These struggles frequently came in the form of\u00a0sit-ins, hunger strikes and other forms of targeted agitation<\/a>. Many scholars trace the roots of ethnic studies to the\u00a0Third World Liberation Front<\/a>\u00a0strike at\u00a0San Francisco State University in 1968<\/a>, where these classes were part of the activists\u2019 demands.<\/p>\n

Thus, ethnic studies came about as a result of activism by students of color and professors who sought to\u00a0shine the light<\/a>\u00a0on the histories and cultural contributions of racially marginalized people, while documenting their struggles for social justice. From this history, meaningful ethnic studies treats racism as a\u00a0systemic reality<\/a>\u00a0as opposed to an individual flaw. It also explores how other forms of discrimination and oppression \u2013 such as sexism, genderism and ableism \u2013\u00a0reinforce racism and vice versa<\/a>.<\/p>\n

White students\u2019 resistance<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In my view, the merits of ethnic studies stand on their own, especially at a time of substantial racial unrest. However, making these classes a graduation requirement will undoubtedly change the dynamics and composition of the students who take these courses.<\/p>\n

Simply put, these classes will now have more white students who are there only because they must be, not because they choose to be.<\/p>\n

While there is some research on\u00a0white students\u2019 resistance in ethnic studies classes specifically<\/a>, there is substantial evidence regarding how they engage with other classes where race is the primary focus. For example, when college courses focus on racism, it is frequently framed by white students as a form of\u00a0hating white people<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The sensitivity to perceived \u201canti-white\u201d content is so high that in October 2019, Jennine Cap\u00f3 Crucet\u2019s novel, \u201cMake Your Home Among Strangers,\u201d was the subject of a literal\u00a0book burning at Georgia Southern University<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Exploring the effects of systemic racism on communities of color can provoke a reaction of what education scholar and author\u00a0Robin DiAngelo<\/a>\u00a0calls \u201cwhite fragility<\/a>,\u201d or \u201ca state in which even a minimum amount of racial stress becomes intolerable, triggering a range of defensive moves.\u201d<\/p>\n

The problem with white fragility is that it frequently emerges\u00a0within college classrooms when the subject is racism<\/a>. It can also take the form of\u00a0white student resistance and evasiveness<\/a>. This resistance has been shown to\u00a0negatively affect instructor course evaluations<\/a>, particularly for instructors of color.<\/p>\n

Part of this dynamic is that white men often see classes that address race and racism as\u00a0less academically rigorous<\/a>\u00a0than other courses.<\/p>\n

\"\"

Research has shown ethnic studies courses often draw contempt from white men. drbimages \/ Getty Images<\/p><\/div>\n

Compulsion questioned<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Given this context, some people have asked me if it would not make more sense to make ethnic studies optional instead of mandatory. I disagree with this premise because Black, Latino, Indigenous and Asian American students are often subjected to a\u00a0Eurocentric curriculum<\/a>\u00a0in their undergraduate studies. In looking at the research, I have seen little evidence that students of color resist these Eurocentric courses the same way that their white peers resist courses that focus on race.<\/p>\n

Additionally, I had a student directly ask me, \u201cWhen am I going to use ethnic studies? Isn\u2019t that just for racial activists? I am going to be an engineer.\u201d I have two responses to this.<\/p>\n

First, students are constantly asking when they are going to use specific pieces of the general education curriculum, and that is not the point of these courses. They are meant to\u00a0provide a well-rounded college experience<\/a>. A university education is meant to be one in which English majors take math courses and chemistry majors take classes in the humanities.<\/p>\n

Second, a general education curriculum is a reflection of\u00a0what an institution values<\/a>. Increasingly, those values include\u00a0promoting racial equity<\/a>. This is because racism is a\u00a0systemic reality which requires a collective response<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 not exclusively being the responsibility of \u201cracial activists.\u201d<\/p>\n

Anti-racism makes many white students feel uncomfortable because it functions as a type of social agitation. As the esteemed sociologist\u00a0W.E.B. Du Bois reminds us<\/a>, \u201cAgitation is a necessary evil to tell of the ills of the suffering. Without it many a nation has been lulled to false security and preened itself with virtues it did not possess.\u201d<\/p>\n

Meaningful ethnic studies<\/a>\u00a0courses can contribute to this type of necessary agitation. In my view, making them mandatory can challenge all students to explore, understand and address the realities of racial oppression.<\/p>\n

Ethnic studies is not a panacea for all issues of race and racism, but I believe it is an important central component moving forward. Yes, there will be predictable resistance to these course requirements, but in a way, that is what makes an ethnic studies requirement so critically important.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Nolan L. Cabrera is Associate Professor of Education at the University of Arizona<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In August 2020, California\u00a0passed a law\u00a0that requires college students in the state university system to take an ethnic studies course in order to graduate. In essence, the California state legislature has made it mandatory for the nearly\u00a0500,000\u00a0students in the Cal State system to take the classes that student activists and others fought for universities to […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":54736,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[357483],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-54735","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","tag-ethnic-studies-courses"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAlthough now required by California law, ethnic studies courses likely to be met with resistance - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/although-now-required-by-california-law-ethnic-studies-courses-likely-to-be-met-with-resistance\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Although now required by California law, ethnic studies courses likely to be met with resistance - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In August 2020, California\u00a0passed a law\u00a0that requires college students in the state university system to take an ethnic studies course in order to graduate. 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