{"id":54444,"date":"2020-10-19T08:00:47","date_gmt":"2020-10-19T15:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=54444"},"modified":"2020-10-18T13:48:19","modified_gmt":"2020-10-18T20:48:19","slug":"low-funding-for-universities-puts-students-at-risk-for-cycles-of-poverty-especially-in-the-wake-of-covid-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/low-funding-for-universities-puts-students-at-risk-for-cycles-of-poverty-especially-in-the-wake-of-covid-19\/","title":{"rendered":"Low funding for universities puts students at risk for cycles of poverty, especially in the wake of COVID-19"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Post-secondary education has consistently been linked to the promise of a better life. Graduating from post-secondary study has been identified as the\u00a0single most important factor affecting intergenerational mobility<\/a>. Yet, several factors at play today show how this function of post-secondary education\u00a0is in crisis in Canada<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Shrinking government funding is behind higher university tuition fees. Government funding of Canadian universities in\u00a01982 comprised 82.7 per cent of university operating revenues; by 2012, that percentage went down to 54.9 per cent<\/a>. By 2019, in Ontario,\u00a0universities\u2019 receipt of government grants represented a paltry 24 per cent of total university revenues<\/a>. Many college and university students\u00a0face significant debt<\/a>\u00a0with no guarantee of a decent job.<\/p>\n

Universities have adopted labour practices in common with the private sphere that result in a rise of precarious work in universities. In 2016,\u00a0one-third of part-time professors, many of them women, did not make enough money to raise them above the poverty line<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In the COVID-19 context,\u00a0young people have reason to be concerned<\/a>\u00a0as the entry-level job market has\u00a0significantly \u201cdried up,\u201d and employers are now revoking job offers or cutting back their graduate recruitment plans<\/a>.<\/p>\n

As our society endures a second wave of COVID-19, now is the time to take stock of what is important for our collective future. With little fanfare,\u00a0our publicly funded post-secondary education system has been eroded<\/a>\u00a0over time, diminishing the promise it once held. We should demand change.<\/p>\n

Determinant of well-being<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Post-secondary education is not only essential for shaping people\u2019s career development and future socio-economic standing, but it\u2019s vital in developing their skills in\u00a0critical thinking, problem-solving, social and emotional regulation, collaboration and civic engagement<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Education is a\u00a0key social determinant of health<\/a>\u00a0and well-being. But post-secondary education faces increasing\u00a0demands for greater corporatization<\/a>,\u00a0privatization<\/a>\u00a0and compliance with\u00a0externally imposed<\/a>\u00a0(government or donor) priorities. This neoliberal turn has indeed created important shifts in Canadian universities that should give us pause.<\/p>\n

Ontario, which\u00a0educates roughly 40 per cent of all post-secondary students in Canada<\/a>, has perhaps the highest stake in the future of higher education. Currently, Ontario university students have\u00a0the highest student-to-faculty ratio (31:1) in Canada, compared to a national average of 22:1<\/a>.<\/p>\n

This means that Ontario students are paying more money for their education, while also being subjected to higher-than-average class sizes relative to universities outside the province.<\/p>\n

Ontario students also now have to pay as much to learn in their own virtual classrooms during the pandemic as they did for on-campus education.\u00a0Many have protested<\/a>, but for universities to make cuts to tuition fees would also likely mean cuts to services and instructors.<\/p>\n

Reliance on international tuition<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Universities have endeavoured to replace absent government funding with tuition raises, so tuition rates have skyrocketed, particularly for international students, whose fees have made up the shortfall. Higher Education Strategy Associates (HESA), a research and consulting firm, notes in a 2020 report,\u00a0The State of Postsecondary Education in Canada<\/a>:<\/p>\n

\u201cSince the start of the 2008 recession, international student numbers have more than tripled; and at the university level, the gap between domestic and international student fees has risen inexorably as well \u2026 Since 2012-13, funds from international students have covered slightly more than 100 per cent of the collective increase in [universities\u2019] operating budgets.\u201d<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Alex Usher, president of HESA, noted in 2018 that \u201c\u2026 some major institutions \u2026 are receiving more money from international students than they get in operating grants from their provincial governments.\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n

Shrinking government funding<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Ontario has\u00a0among the lowest funding levels per student in Canada at the post-secondary level<\/a>. In 2002,\u00a0it was the lowest in North America, with the exception of Alabama<\/a>. In 2017-18, the province\u2019s funding per university student was\u00a037 per cent lower than the average for the rest of Canada, according to the Ontario Confederation of Faculty Associations<\/a>.<\/p>\n

As the\u00a0Student Emergency Student Benefit<\/a>\u00a0has ended, many students, bereft of jobs they once filled to support their education pre-COVID, are now in poor financial shape to pay for their fall classes. Deprived of\u00a0government-funded grants and loans<\/a>, students are taking on ever-increasing loads of debt to fund their educations: almost half of\u00a0students surveyed by the Canadian Alliance of Student Associations say they will need to rely more on government loans owing to the fallout from COVID-19<\/a>, with\u00a0little assurance of obtaining a stable, good-quality job to pay off the debt<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Indeed,\u00a0the average student is saddled with $26,000 in loans after completing university<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Labour precarity<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The\u00a0weakening of labour laws in Ontario<\/a>\u00a0has certainly not helped in eschewing the growing trend of labour precarity for young people. In this competitive work environment (one in which\u00a0housing<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0social resources are scarce<\/a>), the inability of students to find gainful employment after college or university may affect the mobility of generations into the future.<\/p>\n

The future of PhD students is also not as promising as it once was. After years of study, and the debt associated with it, many graduates interested in academic life now face an\u00a0uncertain and insecure career<\/a>, often as contract faculty. Sessional faculty now comprise\u00a053 per cent of the faculty complement in Ontario universities<\/a>. Half of them\u00a0don\u2019t make more than $50,000 a year<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Due to COVID-19, Ontario has\u00a0temporarily shelved its plans to impose performance metrics<\/a>\u00a0to hold universities responsible for the future of their graduates, and the precarious labour market they must compete in. One indicator tied government funding to universities\u2019 graduate earnings, expecting that, irrespective of labour and economic conditions, students would land jobs immediately following graduation \u2014 but the pandemic has revealed the\u00a0capriciousness of trying to tie post-secondary education closely to the labour market<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Impacts of privatization<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The decline of publicly funded universities has led down the slippery path of privatization.<\/p>\n

When universities rely on private funding from donors, whose names feature prominently on innumerable university buildings or who sit on university governance boards, places of learning are subject to\u00a0corporate values and practices<\/a>\u00a0(efficiency, secrecy of institutional budgets and operations, the erosion of collegialism),\u00a0threatening university autonomy<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Privatization erodes human rights and leads to greater marginalization: as Philip Alston, UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights, has concluded,\u00a0people living in poverty are more likely to go without privatized services or be forced to pay higher prices for them<\/a>.<\/p>\n

It doesn\u2019t need to be this way\u00a0in a wealthy country<\/a>. People in Ontario and across Canada must demand better.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Tracy Smith-Carrier is an Associate Professor, King’s School of Social Work at Western University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Post-secondary education has consistently been linked to the promise of a better life. Graduating from post-secondary study has been identified as the\u00a0single most important factor affecting intergenerational mobility. Yet, several factors at play today show how this function of post-secondary education\u00a0is in crisis in Canada. Shrinking government funding is behind higher university tuition fees. Government […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":54445,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[3654],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-54444","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-higher-education","tag-funding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLow funding for universities puts students at risk for cycles of poverty, especially in the wake of COVID-19 - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/low-funding-for-universities-puts-students-at-risk-for-cycles-of-poverty-especially-in-the-wake-of-covid-19\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Low funding for universities puts students at risk for cycles of poverty, especially in the wake of COVID-19 - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Post-secondary education has consistently been linked to the promise of a better life. 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