{"id":52957,"date":"2020-06-24T12:08:27","date_gmt":"2020-06-24T19:08:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=52957"},"modified":"2020-06-24T12:08:27","modified_gmt":"2020-06-24T19:08:27","slug":"1-in-10-hbcus-were-financially-fragile-before-covid-19-endangered-all-colleges-and-universities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/1-in-10-hbcus-were-financially-fragile-before-covid-19-endangered-all-colleges-and-universities\/","title":{"rendered":"1 in 10 HBCUs were financially fragile before COVID-19 endangered all colleges and universities"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"
\nBy\u00a0reducing enrollment<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0disrupting instruction<\/a>, the COVID-19 pandemic is generating\u00a0financial distress<\/a>\u00a0for all colleges and universities.<\/p>\n

Schools that were already\u00a0financially fragile<\/a>\u00a0before this health emergency and economic recession began could soon face even greater risks. That includes several historically Black colleges and universities, or\u00a0HBCUs<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Based on my\u00a0economic research regarding HBCUs<\/a>\u00a0and as a Morehouse College graduate, I\u2019m concerned about the long-term prospects of these institutions for many reasons. One is that HBCUs like my alma mater have long served as vehicles of\u00a0upward social and economic mobility<\/a>\u00a0for African Americans denied opportunities elsewhere.<\/p>\n

Federal watchlist<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The Department of Education tracks which colleges and universities are most at risk of closure in its\u00a0heightened cash monitoring<\/a>\u00a0list. The government includes on this watchlist\u00a0schools with issues<\/a>\u00a0related to late or missing annual financial statements or audits, outstanding liabilities, administrative problems and\u00a0budgetary woes<\/a>.<\/p>\n

At least 10 of the nearly 450 schools in the latest edition, released in March 2020, are HBCUs facing one of the two\u00a0levels of this federal scrutiny<\/a>. That\u2019s about 1 in 10 of the nation\u2019s\u00a0roughly 100 HBCUs<\/a>\u00a0operating today.<\/p>\n

Bluefield State College in West Virginia, Huston-Tillotson University in Texas, Kentucky State University, Paine College in Georgia, Shaw University in North Carolina, Wilberforce University in Ohio and West Virginia State University are all subject to the heightened cash monitoring oversight known as HCM1. These seven schools must do extra paperwork before drawing\u00a0federal student aid funds<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Three others – Cheyney University of Pennsylvania, Wiley College in Texas and Arkansas Baptist College – face even stricter requirements. Because the government has designated them as being in the more onerous\u00a0HCM2 category<\/a>, these colleges and universities have to disburse financial aid funds from their own coffers first. They then submit detailed paperwork for each student before the Education Department will reimburse them.<\/p>\n

No death knell<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Insolvency is the biggest cause of\u00a0colleges and universities shutting down<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Indeed, this was the fate of\u00a0St. Paul\u2019s College, a private HBCU in Virginia<\/a>\u00a0that closed it doors forever in 2013. Prior to its closure, St. Paul\u2019s was\u00a0stripped of its accreditation<\/a>\u00a0in part due to its poor financial health. Enrollment continued to decline while the school was on accreditation probation.<\/p>\n

But to be sure, being on the heightened cash monitoring list means only that a college is at risk of closure, not that it is certain to close. For example, the government put\u00a0Howard University<\/a>\u00a0on the watchlist in 2018 and took it off in 2019.<\/p>\n

Based in Washington, D.C., Howard\u2019s\u00a0prestige has been growing<\/a>\u00a0by several metrics, with some of its\u00a0national rankings<\/a>\u00a0on the rise. Howard\u2019s\u00a0enrollment and endowment<\/a>\u00a0have both grown in recent years as well, according to Fitch \u2013 a credit rating agency that assesses the relative risk and creditworthiness of companies, governments, schools and other issuers of bonds.<\/p>\n

Also, more help than usual is on its way from the federal government, which is already designating some funds specifically for HBCUs.<\/p>\n

The Education Department announced on April 30 that it was designating nearly\u00a0US$1.4 billion authorized in the CARES Act<\/a>\u00a0economic relief package for\u00a0historically minority-serving institutions<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The House-passed follow-up package, which is stalled in the Senate, would add another\u00a0$1.7 billion<\/a>\u00a0to that funding.<\/p>\n

Philanthropic lifeline<\/strong><\/h4>\n

One way that schools on the heightened cash monitoring list can regain a steadier financial footing is by borrowing money on reasonable terms in private credit markets to shore up their cash flow. However,\u00a0HBCUs may have to spend more to borrow<\/a>\u00a0than other colleges and universities.<\/p>\n

Another option is to aggressively court large donations. But until now HBCUs have also had a harder time raising\u00a0large sums of money from big donors<\/a>. There are notable exceptions, of course.<\/p>\n

Large gifts in recent years by Black philanthropists include the donation of $5 million to North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University by retired corporate executive\u00a0Willie Deese<\/a>\u00a0and $13 million by the entertainment icon and entrepreneur\u00a0Oprah Winfrey to Morehouse<\/a>.<\/p>\n

On June 17, Netflix co-founder\u00a0Reed Hastings and his wife Patty Quillin<\/a>\u00a0announced a major gift to support higher education for African American students. They are donating a total of $120 million to the\u00a0United Negro College Fund<\/a>, which supports scholarships for students at all private HBCUs, as well as Morehouse and Spelman College, two prominent HBCUs that aren\u2019t on the watchlist.<\/p>\n

All told, the nation\u2019s\u00a0roughly 100 HBCUs<\/a>\u00a0raised only\u00a0$43 million in 2018<\/a>\u00a0in donations of $1 million or more, just 1.4% of the 497 of those big gifts all U.S. colleges and universities landed that year.<\/p>\n

Worth saving<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In my view, the potential loss of these schools would be tragic. Of course, critics may argue that some of these 10 HBCUs don\u2019t serve students well, and should be closed. For example, information from the\u00a0College Scorecard<\/a>, a federal education database, shows that Wiley College only graduates 37% of its students within eight years, and its attendees annually earn on average less then $25,000.<\/p>\n

While this may seem less than ideal, my own research on the consequences of going to any HBCU suggests that if students had attended HBCUs like Wiley, they would have\u00a0fared worse<\/a>.<\/p>\n

As such there is a strong case for the likes of Wiley College to stay viable. These historically black schools provide a pathway to career success and social mobility that its alums and other former students would not otherwise realize.<\/p>\n

They may lack the prominence of their counterparts attracting large philanthropic gifts but, like\u00a0Spelman, Howard<\/a>\u00a0and the other most prominent HBCUs, these institutions of higher education are of historical and ongoing significance.<\/p>\n

Cheyney, established in 1837, was the first college opened to educate free Blacks.<\/p>\n

The influential scholar and civil right leader\u00a0W.E.B DuBois<\/a>\u00a0started his academic career at Wilberforce.<\/p>\n

Adam Clayton Powell Jr.<\/a>, a Congressman from New York and a prominent pastor, earned his doctorate of divinity at Shaw University.<\/p>\n

Collectively,\u00a0HBCUs are powerful engines of social and economic mobility<\/a>\u00a0for Black Americans. At a time when the\u00a0death of George Floyd<\/a>\u00a0and other black people at the hands of police is underscoring the vulgar realities of race-based inequality and ushering in\u00a0widespread soul-searching<\/a>, I think all Americans will benefit if these colleges and universities, including the 10 currently on the heightened cash monitoring list, can thrive.<\/p>\n

Author Bio: <\/strong>Gregory N. Price is Professor of Economics at the University of New Orleans<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By\u00a0reducing enrollment\u00a0and\u00a0disrupting instruction, the COVID-19 pandemic is generating\u00a0financial distress\u00a0for all colleges and universities. Schools that were already\u00a0financially fragile\u00a0before this health emergency and economic recession began could soon face even greater risks. That includes several historically Black colleges and universities, or\u00a0HBCUs. Based on my\u00a0economic research regarding HBCUs\u00a0and as a Morehouse College graduate, I\u2019m concerned about the […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":52958,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[13533],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-52957","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-higher-education","tag-hbcus"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n1 in 10 HBCUs were financially fragile before COVID-19 endangered all colleges and universities - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/1-in-10-hbcus-were-financially-fragile-before-covid-19-endangered-all-colleges-and-universities\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"1 in 10 HBCUs were financially fragile before COVID-19 endangered all colleges and universities - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By\u00a0reducing enrollment\u00a0and\u00a0disrupting instruction, the COVID-19 pandemic is generating\u00a0financial distress\u00a0for all colleges and universities. Schools that were already\u00a0financially fragile\u00a0before this health emergency and economic recession began could soon face even greater risks. That includes several historically Black colleges and universities, or\u00a0HBCUs. 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