{"id":51715,"date":"2020-04-07T00:00:56","date_gmt":"2020-04-07T07:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=51715"},"modified":"2020-04-06T21:41:17","modified_gmt":"2020-04-07T04:41:17","slug":"us-private-schools-often-inflate-student-grades-this-could-happen-in-australia-if-we-cancel-year-12-exams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/us-private-schools-often-inflate-student-grades-this-could-happen-in-australia-if-we-cancel-year-12-exams\/","title":{"rendered":"US private schools often inflate student grades. This could happen in Australia if we cancel year 12 exams"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-51716\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grade-inflation23.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grade-inflation23.jpg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/grade-inflation23-250x178.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The unfolding COVID-19 situation has brought many changes to school education.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sbs.com.au\/news\/naplan-tests-cancelled-for-2020-amid-concerns-over-coronavirus-spread\">NAPLAN tests<\/a>\u00a0have been cancelled for 2020 and most children are learning online.<\/p>\n<p>Education minister Dan Tehan is meeting\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ministers.dese.gov.au\/tehan\/3aw-neil-mitchell\">with the states<\/a>\u00a0on what to do with year 12 exams and criteria for university entry. One option flagged is for universities to look at a mixture of students\u2019 year 11 and year 12 assessments to date.<\/p>\n<p>With regards to the end of school qualification in New South Wales, the Higher School Certificate (HSC), the state\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/educationstandards.nsw.edu.au\/wps\/portal\/nesa\/about\/news\/media-releases\/media-release-detail\/2020-HSC-is-going-ahead\">education board has already given<\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>principals or system authorities the power to make decisions about the number and weighting of HSC formal assessment tasks for their school in 2020.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The board went on to say it \u201caffirms its complete trust in principals and teachers\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>This is similar to what was done in the UK. Their\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/coronavirus-covid-19-cancellation-of-gcses-as-and-a-levels-in-2020\/coronavirus-covid-19-cancellation-of-gcses-as-and-a-levels-in-2020\">GCSE and A-level exams<\/a>\u00a0have been cancelled and replaced with teacher assessment, based on low-stakes testing, coursework and class performance.<\/p>\n<p>While Australia should be looking at creative solutions for assessing students\u2019 end of school results and criteria for university entry, a focus on teacher assessments may be problematic.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">End of year exams should have been scrapped 15 years ago. They are out dated and draconian. Take this opportunity and scrap them now &#8211; for good!: Principals&#8217; union head calls for year 12 exams to be scrapped this year <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/XZEBKj7btr\">https:\/\/t.co\/XZEBKj7btr<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 Johan Lidberg (@johanBalance) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/johanBalance\/status\/1247293793805590528?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 6, 2020<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Teachers can be prone to a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nagc.org\/blog\/rampant-grade-inflation-harming-vulnerable-high-schoolers\">phenomenon known as grade inflation<\/a>. This is essentially where students are awarded higher marks without demonstrating higher levels of mastery.<\/p>\n<p>Our research showed teachers in private schools are more likely to inflate grades due to pressure from students and parents.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>External exams and internal assessments<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Grade inflation is a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dash.harvard.edu\/handle\/1\/32228641\">worldwide problem<\/a>, both in schools and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.timeshighereducation.com\/features\/grade-inflation-worldwide-trend\">universities<\/a>. As the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/tomlindsay\/2019\/03\/30\/the-other-college-scandal-grade-inflation-has-turned-transcripts-into-monopoly-money\/#371b8b5b4182\">Atlantic reports<\/a>, a US study of the history of college grading found, in the early 1960s, an A grade was awarded in colleges nationwide 15% of the time. But today, an A is the most common grade given in college \u2013\u00a0the percentage of A grades has tripled, to 45% nationwide.<\/p>\n<p>The United States has borne the brunt of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/tomlindsay\/2019\/03\/30\/the-other-college-scandal-grade-inflation-has-turned-transcripts-into-monopoly-money\/#37d26f614182\">criticism towards grade inflation<\/a>\u00a0in schools, due to its grading system.<\/p>\n<p>In Australia, year 12 exams \u2013 which are weighted heavily in the total score for a student\u2019s school certificate \u2013 are marked externally. But in the US,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/isss.umn.edu\/publications\/USEducation\/2.pdf\">all grades<\/a>\u00a0are given to students by their teachers. For extra credit, students may take external Advanced Placement (<a href=\"https:\/\/apstudents.collegeboard.org\/about-ap-exams\">AP<\/a>) exams.<\/p>\n<p>At the end of their final school year, or year 12 equivalent, US students\u2019 grades are averaged out to provide a Grade Point Average (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.educations.com\/GPA_Calculation_for_USA__d6742.html\">GPA<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Students who wish to apply to a college or university will most likely have to take an external Scholastic Aptitude Test (<a href=\"https:\/\/studyabroad.shiksha.com\/exams\/sat\">SAT<\/a>) or an American College Test (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.act.org\/\">ACT<\/a>) \u2013 general tests to evaluate their written, verbal and mathematical and\/or scientific reasoning skills. While these tests are used as criteria for admission to most US colleges or universities, many\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.unigo.com\/get-to-college\/college-search\/test-optional-colleges-10-colleges-that-dont-require-sat-or-act-scores\">institutions<\/a>\u00a0are now test-optional, meaning they don\u2019t require such tests at all.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Coursework is easily manipulated. Fiddling it is endemic on vocational courses and was at GCSE and A Level.<\/p>\n<p>&mdash; Dr Nicholas Marshall (@Nick5307) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/Nick5307\/status\/1246236355446878208?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 4, 2020<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><br \/>\nWhile every institution balances and counts the \u201cabsolute merit\u201d of GPA and test scores in its own way,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/education\/archive\/2018\/05\/college-admissions-gpa-sat-act\/561167\/\">admissions offices seem to question<\/a>\u00a0the grading system and search for other metrics. They acknowledge the average US teacher experiences a great deal of pressure from students and parents\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/education\/archive\/2017\/08\/suburban-grade-inflation\/536595\/\">anxious about college admissions<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com.au\/grade-inflation-us-high-schools-2017-7?r=US&amp;IR=T\">Such pressures<\/a>\u00a0are more prevalent in wealthier, white and private schools.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Teachers facing pressure<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/dash.harvard.edu\/handle\/1\/32228641\">research showed<\/a>\u00a0how\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/?id=ED568736\">inflated expectations of students and parents<\/a>\u00a0led to teachers\u2019 ethical grading dilemmas in one private prestigious school in the US. We found teachers engaged in \u201cgrade massaging\u201d due to either an \u201cethic of care\u201d toward their students (due to concern about their students\u2019 motivation, psychology or life prospects) or due to extensive school or parent pressures.<\/p>\n<p>One science teacher told us parents feel \u201cthey are paying and they deserve for their kids to get As\u201d. As a result, she noted, there is substantial<\/p>\n<p><em>pressure on teachers to inflate grades, to give do-overs and all that kind of thing.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Another math teacher admitted to \u201coverlooking\u201d a struggling student\u2019s missing work and shoddy study habits, giving her a B+ so she \u201ccould just finish the year\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>And another English teacher lamented<\/p>\n<p><em>there is a moral thing that I need to figure out with myself [\u2026] We just take part in this thing [\u2026] I am a partner in crime [\u2026]<\/em><\/p>\n<p>These cases are not unique. Another study showed\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/f4d8\/e50c2011291740caea49ac5e7b13ac173fb6.pdf?_ga=2.259813514.1618034071.1585563168-1153430422.1585289142\">highly-ranked US public schools<\/a>, which served mainly middle and upper-middle class students, advanced those they initially identified as having the most privileged background by marking others\u2019 work harsher.<\/p>\n<p>The latter students had a disadvantage when trying to enter elite universities, compared to equivalent students in less prestigious schools.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>What could happen in Australia?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Educational inequality is\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/australian-schools-engines-of-inequality-23979\">alive and kicking<\/a>\u00a0in Australia.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.aeufederal.org.au\/news-media\/news\/2019\/new-report-shows-entrenched-inequality-public-school-funding\">Inequitable funding settlements<\/a>\u00a0continue to entrench privilege in private elite schools that advance their students to accrue\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/redflag.org.au\/node\/5472\">further advantage<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Research shows Australian low socioeconomic schools offer students\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/02680939.2013.846414\">less access<\/a>\u00a0to the core academic curriculum subjects that are important for university entry. Students from disadvantaged backgrounds are less likely to complete year 12, and are increasingly\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/educating-australia-why-our-schools-arent-improving-72092\">locked out<\/a>\u00a0of competitive education and job markets.<\/p>\n<p>Unethical practices can also be found in our schools. A\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/01425692.2012.632864\">study<\/a>\u00a0that explored Australian private schools\u2019 strategies of self promotion revealed how they have taken certain statistics or results out of a larger context (\u201cpartial reporting\u201d) to give themselves a successful image. Another study discussed how schools\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/01596306.2012.739472\">manipulating NAPLAN data<\/a>\u00a0to secure a good image.<\/p>\n<p>A\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/radio\/ballarat\/programs\/breakfast\/atar-petition\/12108978\">petition to cancel<\/a>\u00a0year 12 exams this year has received thousands of signatures. While weighing up the prospects of this, governments must consider the implications to society, and particularly how this might affect more disadvantaged students.<\/p>\n<p>Although pressing times are calling, teachers should not be left to their own devices to deal with parents, community and other school pressures. Social inequality is already here. Do we really want to take the risk of increasing it?<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio:<\/strong> Ilana Finefter-Rosenbluh is a Lecturer, Faculty of Education at Monash University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The unfolding COVID-19 situation has brought many changes to school education.\u00a0NAPLAN tests\u00a0have been cancelled for 2020 and most children are learning online. Education minister Dan Tehan is meeting\u00a0with the states\u00a0on what to do with year 12 exams and criteria for university entry. One option flagged is for universities to look at a mixture of students\u2019 [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/us-private-schools-often-inflate-student-grades-this-could-happen-in-australia-if-we-cancel-year-12-exams\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":51716,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[12086],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-51715","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","tag-grade-inflation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>US private schools often inflate student grades. 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