{"id":50620,"date":"2020-01-06T11:11:10","date_gmt":"2020-01-06T19:11:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/world.edu\/?p=50620"},"modified":"2020-01-06T11:11:10","modified_gmt":"2020-01-06T19:11:10","slug":"teaching-retreats-an-older-system-than-we-think","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/teaching-retreats-an-older-system-than-we-think\/","title":{"rendered":"Teaching retreats: an older system than we think"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\nTeachers are among the professions\u00a0peak<\/a>\u00a0in the current protest against pension reform.\u00a0Will the movement\u00a0gain momentum<\/a> ?\u00a0The demonstrations of the coming days will tell.\u00a0The fact remains that teacher mobilization falls within a specific historical framework.\u00a0Their pension scheme does not date from the Liberation, like the general scheme, but from the two Empires.<\/p>\n

Can such an old system be radically overhauled on any other basis, even in a few years, without great difficulty (for both)?\u00a0Back on its genesis.<\/p>\n

Imperial creation<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The principle of a retreat for teachers was considered for the first time after the French Revolution.\u00a0By creating in 1795 the network of\u00a0“central” schools<\/a>\u00a0– one at the center of each department, the\u00a0Convention<\/a>\u00a0(the constituent assembly which created the first Republic) granted the teachers of these establishments a pension equal to the salary of their last year of teaching after twenty-five years of service.<\/p>\n

If this measure did not have time to be really implemented, the \u201cNapoleonic\u201d creation was not ephemeral.\u00a0In 1800, in place of the central schools,\u00a0lyc\u00e9es<\/a>\u00a0were instituted\u00a0, and, for their teachers, a pension equal to three-quarters of their last salary after thirty years of service.\u00a0The Emperor had even thought of creating a retirement home for them on the model of the H\u00f4tel des Invalides\u2026<\/p>\n

Under the Second Empire, this system was modified under the\u00a0law of June 9, 1853,<\/a>\u00a0which established a retirement pension for all civil servants in the state.\u00a0According to the report of the Senate committee responsible for examining the bill, the aim is to remedy the uncontrolled extension of special pension funds which lead to “shocking inequalities in the situation of civil servants”, and the committee is entirely in favor of the bill: “uniformity is substituted for arbitrary rules”.<\/p>\n

This law distinguishes between the so-called \u201cactive\u201d services (letter carriers, customs agents, foresters, chief stewards of the granting posts) which allow departure at 55 years, and the so-called \u201csedentary\u201d services where it is necessary to wait 60 years. .\u00a0Retirement is calculated on the basis of the average salary for the last six years of exercise, at a rate of 1\/50 per year of service for so-called \u201cactive\u201d services, and 1\/60 for so-called \u201csedentary\u201d services.\u00a0The teachers are classified among the \u201csedentary\u201d.<\/p>\n

Seven years after the major Ferryst laws of 1881 and 1882 instituting the obligation of primary education as well as the gratuitousness and secularity of municipal schools, the teachers teaching in the municipal schools became state officials in 1889. For retirement , they are classified among the so-called “active” services and can therefore benefit from 55 years of age.<\/p>\n

Wage inequality<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The law of June 9, 1853 is modified by that of April 14, 1924 essentially on one point: the calculation of the retirement is not established any more from the average of the salaries of the last six years of service, but of the last three years.<\/p>\n

All this is not of the order of the detail, because, like today, the salaries of the professors and the teachers vary much from the beginnings of career to the end of career.<\/p>\n

In 1910,\u00a0as recalled<\/a>\u00a0the\u00a0history of education in France<\/em>\u00a0Antoine Prost, the annual salaries range from:<\/p>\n