{"id":50189,"date":"2019-11-20T11:22:15","date_gmt":"2019-11-20T19:22:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=50189"},"modified":"2019-11-20T11:22:15","modified_gmt":"2019-11-20T19:22:15","slug":"beyond-fact-checking-5-things-schools-should-do-to-foster-news-literacy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/beyond-fact-checking-5-things-schools-should-do-to-foster-news-literacy\/","title":{"rendered":"Beyond fact-checking: 5 things schools should do to foster news literacy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Headline.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"353\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-50190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Headline.jpg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Headline-250x130.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><br \/>\nWhen it comes to news literacy, schools often emphasize fact-checking and hoax-spotting. But as I argue in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.routledge.com\/News-Literacy-and-Democracy\/Ashley\/p\/book\/9781138625068\">my new book<\/a>, schools must go deeper with how they teach the subject if they want to help students thrive in a democratic society.<\/p>\n<p>As a new poll shows that Americans\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/c762f01370ee4bbe8bbd20f5ddf2adbe\">struggle to know<\/a>\u00a0if the information they find online is true, news literacy remains essential in student education.<\/p>\n<p>Separating fact from fiction is a vital skill for civic engagement, but students can be good fact-checkers only if they have a broader understanding of how news and information are produced and consumed in the digital age. Here are five questions students should be taught to ask.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>1. What\u2019s happening to real news?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Fortunately, fake news is\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/01\/02\/health\/fake-news-conservative-liberal.html\">only a small part<\/a>\u00a0of the information most people consume. But real news \u2013 where journalists are paid to produce original reporting about their communities \u2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/5349523\/local-news-disappearing\/\">is disappearing<\/a>\u00a0due to a combination of declining revenue and industry consolidation. Most people have\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.journalism.org\/2019\/03\/26\/for-local-news-americans-embrace-digital-but-still-want-strong-community-connection\/\">no idea this is happening<\/a>. Hundreds of communities have\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.poynter.org\/business-work\/2018\/about-1300-u-s-communities-have-totally-lost-news-coverage-unc-news-desert-study-finds\/\">lost all local news<\/a>, and both print and digital outlets\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/money\/2019\/08\/01\/newspaper-layoffs-digital-journalism-job-cuts-pew-research-center\/1877757001\/\">face layoffs and cuts<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.journalism.org\/2018\/09\/10\/news-use-across-social-media-platforms-2018\/\">Most people say<\/a>\u00a0they get news from social media even though they\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/edelman-survey-shows-low-trust-in-social-media\/\">don\u2019t really trust it<\/a>, and sites like Facebook and Google\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vox.com\/2019\/2\/20\/18232433\/digital-advertising-facebook-google-growth-tv-print-emarketer-2019\">soak up the majority<\/a>\u00a0of digital ad revenue without producing any original content. It\u2019s important to avoid fake news, but it\u2019s even more important to seek out and engage with real news. That means cutting out social media middlemen and sticking with established brands that do their own reporting, hold themselves accountable for errors and minimize conflicts of interest.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>2. How is news constructed?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Even at its best, news is a representation of reality, not reality itself. News producers desperate to get \u201cboth sides\u201d of a story can create false equivalence, as they have on issues like\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/outlook\/2019\/01\/10\/how-fossil-fuel-industry-got-media-think-climate-change-was-debatable\/\">global warming<\/a>\u00a0where only one side is supported by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/\">actual evidence<\/a>. An obsession with balance suggests there are always two equal and opposite sides to every story even when this is not the case.<\/p>\n<p>News stories are framed in ways that affect how we view things. When it comes to elections, for instance,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/lifestyle\/style\/campaign-journalism-needs-an-overhaul-heres-one-radical-idea\/2019\/01\/07\/76f7bf18-1276-11e9-90a8-136fa44b80ba_story.html\">horse-race coverage<\/a>\u00a0dominates. There is a narrow focus on polling and scandal. Actual policy coverage is often scant, as it was during the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/shorensteincenter.org\/news-coverage-2016-general-election\/\">2016 election<\/a>. News frames also can lead to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/journalistsresource.org\/studies\/society\/news-media\/racial-bias-reporting-research-trends\/\">misrepresentations of minority groups<\/a>\u00a0in news coverage, which can create and perpetuate harmful stereotypes. When we critique news, it\u2019s easy to get distracted by a desire to root out political bias. But to be news literate, one should pay more attention to the routine practices that influence news content.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>3. Am I in a filter bubble?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>It\u2019s tempting to think of the digital media giants as indifferent information services that simply prioritize the most important news and information. However, that\u2019s far from the reality. Algorithms are the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.slate.com\/articles\/technology\/cover_story\/2016\/01\/how_facebook_s_news_feed_algorithm_works.html\">secret computer code that try to predict<\/a>\u00a0what will keep you engaged, and they\u2019re baked into news feeds, search results, recommendations, trending topics and autocomplete.<\/p>\n<p>Algorithms based on popularity\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/order-from-chaos\/2018\/05\/09\/how-misinformation-spreads-on-social-media-and-what-to-do-about-it\/\">can amplify<\/a>\u00a0all kinds of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/datasociety.net\/output\/media-manipulation-and-disinfo-online\/\">misinformation<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2019\/03\/22\/tech\/twitter-algorithm-political-rhetoric\/index.html\">extremist rhetoric<\/a>\u00a0that serves only to mislead, confuse, anger and divide.<\/p>\n<p>Algorithms also\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/misinformation-and-biases-infect-social-media-both-intentionally-and-accidentally-97148\">reflect our own biases<\/a>\u00a0and can cater to our preexisting beliefs, even those that are false, by showing us more of what we already think we know. Fears about algorithmic\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/eli_pariser_beware_online_filter_bubbles?language=en\">filter bubbles<\/a>\u00a0may\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/trust-media-and-democracy\/avoiding-the-echo-chamber-about-echo-chambers-6e1f1a1a0f39\">have been overblown<\/a>, but there is still a need to be on guard against\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/0093650217719596\">confirmation bias<\/a>, where we favor information that fits with our beliefs.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>4. Am I the customer or the product?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>In today\u2019s digital economy, the race is on among multi-billion-dollar companies like Facebook and Google to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.penguinrandomhouse.com\/books\/234876\/the-attention-merchants-by-tim-wu\/\">get and keep your attention<\/a>\u00a0in order to make money. Selling eyeballs to advertisers is a century-old business model, but the internet makes pre-digital advertising look quaint. The trail of digital data you leave \u2013 both\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.internetsociety.org\/tutorials\/your-digital-footprint-matters\/\">online<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2018-08-30\/google-and-mastercard-cut-a-secret-ad-deal-to-track-retail-sales\">offline<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 is what makes you especially valuable. Some digital marketers claim to have as many as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/what-did-cambridge-analytica-really-do-for-trumps-campaign\/\">5,000 data points<\/a>\u00a0on the average American, as we learned from the Cambridge Analytica\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/04\/04\/us\/politics\/cambridge-analytica-scandal-fallout.html\">scandal<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Data, it is often said, is now a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/leaders\/2017\/05\/06\/the-worlds-most-valuable-resource-is-no-longer-oil-but-data\">more valuable commodity than oil<\/a>, and it\u2019s used to manipulate our behavior through product ads and political messages. It\u2019s a far cry from the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2017\/12\/19\/16792306\/fcc-net-neutrality-open-internet-history-free-speech-anonymity\">democratic ideals<\/a>\u00a0of the early internet, and news literacy requires knowledge of these hidden costs of going online so we can make informed decisions about where we choose to direct our attention.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>5. Is there a better way to support a well-informed society?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>As my students ask, why does it have to be so hard to get reliable information? It\u2019s almost like it\u2019s difficult by design. Like fish in water, we are immersed in this news environment, which can make it hard to consider alternatives. But if we exercise our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sociologyatwork.org\/sociological-imagination\/\">sociological imaginations,<\/a>\u00a0we can step back and ask what we really want for ourselves and our society. What would an ideal news environment look like?<\/p>\n<p>If we think of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1177\/1464884917730945\">news as a public good<\/a>\u00a0like clean air or water, it\u2019s easy to see how we could all benefit from a news environment that\u2019s at least partly protected from toxic commercial pressures. Most other democratic nations\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ijoc.org\/index.php\/ijoc\/article\/view\/4779\/1884\">far outspend the U.S.<\/a>\u00a0on independent, nonpartisan public and nonprofit media, which\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0267323108098943\">helps support<\/a>\u00a0a more informed and engaged citizenry. Many governments also have\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/tech\/tech-news\/foreign-governments-are-fed-social-media-threatening-prison-tech-employees-n993841\">increased oversight of social media<\/a>\u00a0to target misinformation and protect privacy.<\/p>\n<p>News literacy alone is not a panacea, but by asking some simple questions, we can start to make sure every citizen is equipped with the knowledge they need to navigate the news landscape and make democracy work.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio: <\/strong>Seth Ashley is Associate Professor of Journalism and Media Studies at Boise State University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When it comes to news literacy, schools often emphasize fact-checking and hoax-spotting. But as I argue in\u00a0my new book, schools must go deeper with how they teach the subject if they want to help students thrive in a democratic society. As a new poll shows that Americans\u00a0struggle to know\u00a0if the information they find online is [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/beyond-fact-checking-5-things-schools-should-do-to-foster-news-literacy\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":50190,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[350624],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-50189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","tag-news-literacy"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Beyond fact-checking: 5 things schools should do to foster news literacy - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/beyond-fact-checking-5-things-schools-should-do-to-foster-news-literacy\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Beyond fact-checking: 5 things schools should do to foster news literacy - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When it comes to news literacy, schools often emphasize fact-checking and hoax-spotting. 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