{"id":48645,"date":"2019-07-12T13:35:50","date_gmt":"2019-07-12T20:35:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=48645"},"modified":"2019-07-12T13:35:50","modified_gmt":"2019-07-12T20:35:50","slug":"could-black-philanthropy-help-solve-the-black-student-debt-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/could-black-philanthropy-help-solve-the-black-student-debt-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"Could black philanthropy help solve the black student debt crisis?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

When billionaire Robert E. Smith decided to\u00a0pay off the student loans<\/a>\u00a0of the graduating class of 2019 at Morehouse College, he suggested that others follow his lead.<\/p>\n

\u201cLet\u2019s make sure every class has the same opportunity going forward, because we are enough to take care of our own community,\u201d Smith declared in his\u00a0commencement speech<\/a>.<\/p>\n

But is there even enough black private wealth in the United States to pay off all black student loan debt?<\/p>\n

As a scholar in\u00a0social transformation and African American studies<\/a>, I\u2019m intrigued by this question. It provides an opportunity to examine black wealth, higher education and the possibilities for alleviating debt, which in turn opens the door to new economic opportunities.<\/p>\n

Black celebrities give to higher education<\/h4>\n

Smith\u2019s gift is estimated to be\u00a0worth US$40 million and will benefit 396 students<\/a>.<\/p>\n

That\u2019s a lot of money, and he\u2019s done it before. Before his gift to Morehouse, Smith donated\u00a0$50 million to Cornell University<\/a>, his alma mater, in part to support African American and female students at Cornell University\u2019s College of Engineering.<\/p>\n

Other black celebrities have also stepped up to fund education. Powerhouse couple\u00a0Beyonce and Jay Z<\/a>\u00a0gave more than $1 million in scholarships to students who lived in cities they were touring in 2018.<\/p>\n

Rapper\u00a0Nicki Minaj<\/a>\u00a0gave 37 \u201cStudent of the Game\u201d scholarships.\u00a0LeBron James<\/a>, through his foundation, promised to pay for 2,300 students to attend the University of Akron \u2013 at an estimated price tag of $100 million.\u00a0Oprah Winfrey<\/a>\u00a0has donated more than $400 million to educational causes.<\/p>\n

But with just five\u00a0black billionaires in the United States<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 Smith, Winfrey,\u00a0David Steward<\/a>,\u00a0Michael Jordan<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Jay-Z<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 monumental gifts like the one that Smith made will likely be few and far between.<\/p>\n

Is Smith\u2019s claim that \u201cwe are enough to take care of our own community\u201d true of all the black wealth in the U.S.?<\/p>\n

Philanthropy among African Americans<\/h4>\n

A strong\u00a0heritage of black philanthropy<\/a>\u00a0dates back to\u00a0mutual aid societies<\/a>of the 1700s and 1800s in which free blacks sought to help fellow blacks facing hardships or distress and, in later years, in need of education and job training.<\/p>\n

Black charitable giving also arose from\u00a0the black church<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0fraternal organizations<\/a>\u00a0throughout the 1800s and 1900s with movements such as abolitionism, the\u00a0Black Women\u2019s Club Movement<\/a>\u00a0and the civil rights movement.<\/p>\n

Mary Church Terrell, the first president of the National Association of Colored Women, described how charitable organizations had \u201ca keen sense of the responsibility\u201d to secure economic and educational resources, \u201clifting as we climb\u201d up the ladder of social mobility. This ethic of giving was also present among the early black economic elite such as\u00a0Thomy Lafon<\/a>,\u00a0Madame C.J. Walker<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0James Forten<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Black giving remains\u00a0strong<\/a>\u00a0to this day. Despite\u00a0racial wealth gaps<\/a>, black families\u00a0contribute larger portions of their wealth<\/a>\u00a0than any other racial and ethnic group. The W.K. Kellogg Foundation reports that\u00a0two-thirds of all black households<\/a>\u00a0donate to charitable causes. This giving amounts to about $11 billion annually, most of which goes to religious organizations.<\/p>\n

But how much of it goes to higher education? African Americans across the socioeconomic spectrum\u00a0report<\/a>\u00a0donating 17% to education \u2013 both K-12 and post-secondary institutions and scholarship funds. That adds up to about $1.8 billion donated annually.<\/p>\n

Counting black millionaires<\/h4>\n

The percentage of\u00a0black households worth over $1 million<\/a>\u00a0has remained at or below 2% since 1992, or about 877,000 based on\u00a02018 population estimates<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Among black high net worth households \u2013 those with a net worth of more than $1 million (not counting the value of their primary home) or with an annual household income of $200,000 \u2013\u00a049%<\/a>\u00a0report giving to higher education. This is significant since across all racial groups, the\u00a0share of dollars<\/a>\u00a0donated by high net worth individuals to higher education was only 4%.<\/p>\n

Black student loan debt<\/h4>\n

Student loan debt in the U.S. reached an all-time high in 2019, making it the\u00a0second-highest consumer debt<\/a>\u00a0category behind mortgage debt. Over 44 million borrowers owe roughly $1.5 trillion in student loan debt.<\/p>\n

Looking at 2016 data,\u00a086.4% of blacks<\/a>\u00a0completing a\u00a0bachelor\u2019s degree<\/a>\u00a0had some form of student loan debt, and the\u00a0average amount borrowed<\/a>\u00a0was $34,010. If we multiply the total number of blacks that graduated with some form of debt \u2013 roughly 168,000 \u2013 by the average amount borrowed per individual, the average cumulative debt for this one graduating class was roughly $5.7 billion. This includes graduates from all colleges \u2013 public as well as private \u2013 but not community colleges.<\/p>\n

Of course, looking at it at the most basic level, the\u00a0collective wealth<\/a>among America\u2019s black billionaires \u2013 which totals $13.4 billion with the recent addition of\u00a0Jay-Z<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 can easily subsidize the debt of a single graduating class.<\/p>\n

And while a more sophisticated calculation is undoubtedly warranted, a rough estimate shows that the $5.7 billion in black student debt could be covered by America\u2019s black millionaire households if each one chose to devote $6,500 toward eliminating the overall debt.<\/p>\n

Of course, the debt load for black students goes far beyond one graduating class. The majority of\u00a0blacks in the labor force that hold a bachelor\u2019s degree or higher<\/a>\u00a0have some form of student loan debt. This means that the figures for the entire black population with outstanding student loan debt across generations are significantly higher than $5.7 billion.<\/p>\n

Robert Smith\u2019s gift to the class of 2019 at Morehouse provoked an interesting discussion about whether black philanthropy can alleviate black student loan debt. However, one-off philanthropic efforts that help a small group of beneficiaries can\u2019t compete with the kind of large-scale change needed to alter the course of an entire community.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Mako Fitts Ward is Clinical Assistant Professor, African and African American Studies & Women and Gender Studies, School of Social Transformation at Arizona State University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

When billionaire Robert E. Smith decided to\u00a0pay off the student loans\u00a0of the graduating class of 2019 at Morehouse College, he suggested that others follow his lead. \u201cLet\u2019s make sure every class has the same opportunity going forward, because we are enough to take care of our own community,\u201d Smith declared in his\u00a0commencement speech. But is […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":48646,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[10412],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-48645","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","tag-philanthropy-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCould black philanthropy help solve the black student debt crisis? - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/could-black-philanthropy-help-solve-the-black-student-debt-crisis\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Could black philanthropy help solve the black student debt crisis? - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When billionaire Robert E. Smith decided to\u00a0pay off the student loans\u00a0of the graduating class of 2019 at Morehouse College, he suggested that others follow his lead. \u201cLet\u2019s make sure every class has the same opportunity going forward, because we are enough to take care of our own community,\u201d Smith declared in his\u00a0commencement speech. 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