{"id":48235,"date":"2019-06-12T00:00:52","date_gmt":"2019-06-12T07:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=48235"},"modified":"2019-06-20T13:13:45","modified_gmt":"2019-06-20T20:13:45","slug":"school-exclusions-are-on-the-up-but-training-teachers-in-trauma-could-help","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/school-exclusions-are-on-the-up-but-training-teachers-in-trauma-could-help\/","title":{"rendered":"School exclusions are on the up \u2013 but training teachers in trauma could help"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

After years of decline, school exclusions are on the rise again, according to\u00a0official figures<\/a>\u00a0for the Department for Education. The Timpson review, carried out by former children\u2019s minister Edward Timpson, also shows that children in care and other \u201cchildren in need\u201d are disproportionately likely to be excluded. This amplifies the educational disadvantages they already face.<\/p>\n

There are around\u00a075,000 children in care<\/a>\u00a0at any one time in England. Collectively, they have some of the lowest educational outcomes of any identifiable group for reasons that are\u00a0complex and multidimensional<\/a>. The 2016-2017 figures show they are five times more likely to have been temporarily excluded than other children. Children in need -\u2013 the wider group needing support from their local authority \u2013- were nearly four times as likely to be temporarily excluded and twice as likely to be permanently excluded.<\/p>\n

Among Timpson\u2019s 30 recommendations, he argues that all teachers should be trained in\u00a0attachment theory<\/a>\u00a0as a means of understanding and addressing behavioural issues in school. This isn\u2019t the first time this has appeared in a government report, but it feels like momentum is building.<\/p>\n

Indeed, there is growing evidence that one pathway to reducing exclusions is for schools to adopt an \u201cattachment and trauma aware\u201d approach. This has its origins in\u00a0early studies<\/a>\u00a0emphasising how a child\u2019s relationships with adults and feelings of safety guide their psychological development. More\u00a0recent advances in neurobiology<\/a>\u00a0have revealed how adverse childhood experiences such as abuse and neglect impact directly on the structure of a young person\u2019s brain.<\/p>\n

There is now increased understanding as to how the legacy of trauma affects\u00a0how young people experience the world<\/a>. It particularly influences how they build trusting relationships, understand boundaries and manage their emotions. Childhood trauma can leave a long-lasting physical mark.<\/p>\n

This is, of course, not to argue that these children are inevitably destined to be poorly behaved, nor that bad behaviour should be ignored or explained away. Attachment and trauma awareness is about action, not inaction \u2013 and about equipping people with knowledge and information to understand children who have experienced difficult circumstances.<\/p>\n

Causes not symptoms<\/h4>\n

In 2015, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) explored the effectiveness of attachment and trauma awareness in supporting vulnerable children.\u00a0Their assessment<\/a>, based on research evidence from around the world, was unequivocally positive.<\/p>\n

Inexplicably then, it has taken four years for attachment and trauma awareness to bubble onto the political agenda. Rather, the focus of government attention, strongly promoted by schools minister Nick Gibb, has been on a\u00a0\u201czero tolerance\u201d approach to behaviour<\/a>. This manifests in strict rules, strong sanctions and even\u00a0periods of isolation for minor transgressions<\/a>. Crucially, given the recent rise in exclusions, it doesn\u2019t seem to be working. This is perhaps unsurprising given its obsessive focus on symptoms rather than causes.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Between 2016 and 2018, the University of Oxford\u00a0evaluated three local projects<\/a>\u00a0to train school staff in attachment and trauma awareness. In the main, staff and pupils reported improvements in well-being and behaviour, with most schools also showing rising attainment. Become, a charity for children in care, recently made attachment and trauma awareness its\u00a0number one recommendation<\/a>\u00a0for how teachers can best support vulnerable children to thrive.<\/p>\n

Transforming schools<\/h4>\n

The\u00a0Attachment Research Community<\/a>\u00a0\u2013- a charity working with schools \u2013- collects case studies of schools that have been transformed through attachment and trauma awareness. The binding theme is a focus on ensuring that all staff, from headteachers to mealtime supervisors, are equipped to support young people to regulate their own emotions. They also typically make use of innovations like \u201cchill out\u201d rooms, nurture groups and \u201ctime out\u201d cards to create a calmer environment for learning.<\/p>\n

Hope School in Liverpool, which recently shared its\u00a0new Ofsted report<\/a>on social media, has been specifically commended for its attachment and trauma awareness:<\/p>\n

Based on academic research you have developed a school that is sensitive to supporting pupils with attachment and complex trauma histories [and] removed reliance on external sanctions and rewards to control behaviour.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ofsted\u2019s report could not be clearer in its judgement. It concludes that \u201cbehaviour in school is exemplary and pupils make outstanding progress in their learning\u201d. Specifically, \u201cthe emphasis [had] changed to understanding the internal reasons for behaviour\u201d. In other words, attachment and trauma awareness works \u2013 even for already successful schools.<\/p>\n

So with the current schools minister seemingly at odds with the former children\u2019s minister (and now Ofsted), it remains to be seen how much longer the rhetorical \u201ccrackdown\u201d on behaviour can survive. Education secretary Damian Hinds\u00a0has accepted<\/a>\u00a0all 30 of Timpson\u2019s recommendations on behalf of the government, albeit without firm commitments around teacher training. But, hopefully, attachment and trauma awareness is an idea whose time is finally coming.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Neil Harrison is Deputy Director of the Rees Centre and Associate Professor at the University of Oxford<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

After years of decline, school exclusions are on the rise again, according to\u00a0official figures\u00a0for the Department for Education. The Timpson review, carried out by former children\u2019s minister Edward Timpson, also shows that children in care and other \u201cchildren in need\u201d are disproportionately likely to be excluded. This amplifies the educational disadvantages they already face. There […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":48236,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[65919],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-48235","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","tag-exclusion"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSchool exclusions are on the up \u2013 but training teachers in trauma could help - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/school-exclusions-are-on-the-up-but-training-teachers-in-trauma-could-help\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"School exclusions are on the up \u2013 but training teachers in trauma could help - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"After years of decline, school exclusions are on the rise again, according to\u00a0official figures\u00a0for the Department for Education. 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