{"id":48166,"date":"2019-06-07T00:00:16","date_gmt":"2019-06-07T07:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=48166"},"modified":"2019-06-07T13:16:13","modified_gmt":"2019-06-07T20:16:13","slug":"language-matters-when-the-earth-is-in-the-midst-of-a-climate-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/language-matters-when-the-earth-is-in-the-midst-of-a-climate-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"Language matters when the Earth is in the midst of a climate crisis"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

In a 2015 essay<\/a>, poet and novelist Margaret Atwood wrote, \u201cIt\u2019s not climate change, it\u2019s everything change.\u201d<\/p>\n

Atwood asked us back then to reconsider the term \u201cclimate change\u201d because there is not a system \u2014 human or non-human \u2014 that will remain untouched by the impacts of climate change. Everything will be affected, and so, likely, everything (as we know it) will have to change.<\/p>\n

The writing impressed me, and I agreed with her thesis, but somehow it wasn\u2019t this essay that shook me up as much as another recent reading on climate change did.<\/p>\n

The recent scientific\u00a0Special Report on the impacts of 1.5C of global warming<\/a>\u00a0of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded: \u201cLimiting global warming to 1.5C would require rapid, far-reaching and unprecedented changes in all aspects of society.\u201d<\/p>\n

That\u2019s what gave me pause: Rapid. Far-reaching. Unprecedented. All aspects of society.<\/p>\n

Everything screamed \u201cemergency,\u201d even though the word wasn\u2019t used.<\/p>\n

I know how cautious scientists can be in their communications \u2014 I am one myself. That is precisely why those words were sufficient to evoke an emotional response.<\/p>\n

It was this shift in language (and not the countless graphs, reports, books and scientific articles I\u2019d read \u2014 and indeed created myself \u2014 as a global-change ecologist) that finally elicited a tipping point in my own behaviour towards mitigating climate change.<\/p>\n

Between \u201ccliffhanger\u201d and \u201cclimbdown\u201d<\/h4>\n

Recently, the\u00a0Guardian<\/em>\u00a0updated its\u00a0style guide<\/a>\u00a0to revise its use of the term \u201cclimate change.\u201d The move both echoes the tones of Atwood\u2019s essay and the seriousness of the latest IPCC report.<\/p>\n

The newly defined climate change terms appear in the guide, right between \u201ccliffhanger\u201d and \u201cclimbdown.\u201d<\/p>\n

Climate change \u2026 is no longer considered to accurately reflect the seriousness of the situation; use climate emergency, crisis or breakdown instead.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The IPCC reports with high confidence that global warming reached approximately 1C above pre-industrial levels in 2017, and several catastrophes, indeed we could say \u201cemergencies,\u201d including floods, forest fires, drought and storms\u00a0have been linked<\/a>\u00a0to this change.<\/p>\n

Researchers have determined<\/a>\u00a0that media can influence policy and public understanding of the environment. Both of these things can also affect human behaviour. So the language they use is indeed important.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0Guardian<\/em>\u00a0wants to\u00a0tell it like it is<\/a>, but where did the term \u201cclimate change\u201d come from in the first place?<\/p>\n

New terms now old?<\/h4>\n

The study of anthropogenic climate change is quite old. Svante Arrhenius proposed the\u00a0connection between fossil fuel combustion and increases in global temperature<\/a>\u00a0in 1896. In the late 1950s, Charles David Keeling\u2019s measurements of atmospheric CO2 from the Mauna Koa Observatory determined the effect of human activities on the chemical composition of the global atmosphere. But widespread adoption of the term climate change is relatively new.<\/p>\n

I was a student in the very first cohort of the Environmental Sciences Graduate Program at Western University more than 20 years ago. We learned about global warming and the greenhouse effect, both of which had become well-established facts decades earlier. But I don\u2019t recall the term climate change ever being used in my courses and neither do some of my classmates.<\/p>\n

NASA claims the term<\/a>\u00a0climate change\u00a0was introduced in 1975<\/a>, in an article titled \u201cClimatic Change: Are We on the Brink of Pronounced Global Warming?\u201d published in\u00a0Science<\/em>.<\/p>\n

The article communicates the difference between the two commonly used terms: \u201cGlobal warming: the increase in Earth\u2019s average surface temperature due to rising levels of greenhouse gases. Climate change: a long-term change in the Earth\u2019s climate, or of a region on Earth.\u201d<\/p>\n

Yet when my colleagues and I published our textbook\u00a0Climate Change Biology<\/a><\/em>\u00a0in 2011, it was, to our surprise, one of the first with the term in its title in our field. With several climate change terms already in existence, it does merit some consideration as to what might be the impact of the new terms the\u00a0Guardian<\/em>\u00a0wants to use.<\/p>\n

Climate change poetics<\/h4>\n

Poets, who have been famously dubbed \u201cthe unacknowledged legislators of the world\u201d by\u00a0Percy Bysshe Shelley<\/a>, know the power of language is not only about accuracy but also metaphorical potential.<\/p>\n

Many poets, some of whom are discussed in the book\u00a0Can Poetry Save the Earth?<\/a><\/em>\u00a0have been working to use language to foster change. In my 2015 found poem based on one of my climate change scientific articles, \u201cEspecially in a Time<\/a>,\u201d I refer to a need for a new word for \u201cchange\u201d when I write: \u201ca prolonged change is also under scrutiny.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"

Projections suggest that a recent trend towards heavy rainfall and flooding will continue in parts of the United States, Canada, Europe and elsewhere.<\/p><\/div>\n

But poetry alone, by definition, overshoots the aim to serve as specific propaganda, even for good causes, and thus we must also look to the language of other discourses to create the change we want. Certainly,\u00a0politicians know the power of language when they prepare speeches<\/a>.<\/p>\n

What might emergency mean?<\/h4>\n

The past few years there has been a dramatic\u00a0change in the language<\/a>scientists use to communicate their science. This isn\u2019t unusual; science could not progress without the invention of terms to communicate new discoveries precisely.<\/p>\n

And to be fair, scientists have long referred to different kinds of change related to climate and weather in scientific papers. There\u2019s \u201cabrupt climate change,\u201d \u201cextreme events,\u201d \u201cacceleration\u201d (the rate of change of change) and even \u201cregime shifts,\u201d which all have specific scientific definitions.<\/p>\n

But generally speaking, scientists often refrain from using emotion-inducing language. As such, you will rarely find the term \u201cemergency\u201d in a scientific article about some new impact of climate change.<\/p>\n

Consider another example of language change from the\u00a0Guardian Style Guide<\/em>: The term \u201cchild abuse images\u201d is recommended over \u201cchild pornography,\u201d \u201cchild porn\u201d and \u201ckiddy porn,\u201d to avoid \u201ca misleading and potentially trivializing impression of what is a very serious crime.\u201d Reporters and editors are also urged to add a footnote with details about support services to stories about child sexual abuse.<\/p>\n

And the United Nations rarely uses the term genocide, but when it does, it demands attention. This includes \u201cnaming and shaming the persecutors<\/a>,\u201d something others have said should be done for the climate crisis.<\/p>\n

Not everyone is on board with changing \u201cclimate change\u201d to \u201cclimate emergency.\u201d Just this past week, my own city council\u00a0voted against it<\/a>\u00a0in favour of the term \u201ccrisis.\u201d Words do carry weight.\u00a0One of the councillors feared<\/a>\u00a0that \u201cto knowingly say emergency today, knowing that that will kick 20, 30, 40 per cent of the people in our city out of that conversation because they will not engage any more.\u201d This councillor worried that if the general public heard this, some of them might disengage, thinking it was for the radicals, not them.<\/p>\n

Arundhati Roy, one of my\u00a0favourite writers<\/a>, is wary, and indeed prescient, of how the term \u201cemergency\u201d may get used by those in power. She finds, especially in India and the Global South, that \u201cincreasingly the vocabulary around it is being militarized. And no doubt very soon its victims will become the \u2018enemies\u2019 in the new war without end.\u201d<\/p>\n

Still, as a global citizen, as a scientist and as a poet, I commend the\u00a0Guardian<\/em>\u00a0for its change in style. The IPCC report language led me to make personal lifestyle changes (diet, car, air plane use and divestment), but the word \u201cemergency\u201d adopted by governments and media would certainly make me more hopeful for the kind of rapid and far-reaching and unprecedented change we need. I wonder if in the future the style guide will include a footnote with details about support services for readers to be added to future climate emergency stories.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Madhur Anand is Professor & Director, Global Ecological Change & Sustainability Laboratory at the University of Guelph<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In a 2015 essay, poet and novelist Margaret Atwood wrote, \u201cIt\u2019s not climate change, it\u2019s everything change.\u201d Atwood asked us back then to reconsider the term \u201cclimate change\u201d because there is not a system \u2014 human or non-human \u2014 that will remain untouched by the impacts of climate change. Everything will be affected, and so, […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":48167,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[128],"tags":[12674],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-48166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","tag-climate-crisis"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLanguage matters when the Earth is in the midst of a climate crisis - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/language-matters-when-the-earth-is-in-the-midst-of-a-climate-crisis\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Language matters when the Earth is in the midst of a climate crisis - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In a 2015 essay, poet and novelist Margaret Atwood wrote, \u201cIt\u2019s not climate change, it\u2019s everything change.\u201d Atwood asked us back then to reconsider the term \u201cclimate change\u201d because there is not a system \u2014 human or non-human \u2014 that will remain untouched by the impacts of climate change. 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