{"id":48008,"date":"2019-05-23T00:12:24","date_gmt":"2019-05-23T07:12:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=48008"},"modified":"2019-05-23T00:12:24","modified_gmt":"2019-05-23T07:12:24","slug":"the-sats-new-adversity-score-is-a-poor-fix-for-a-problematic-test","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/the-sats-new-adversity-score-is-a-poor-fix-for-a-problematic-test\/","title":{"rendered":"The SAT\u2019s new \u2018adversity score\u2019 is a poor fix for a problematic test"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"
\nThe College Board recently revealed a new\u00a0\u201cadversity score\u201d<\/a>\u00a0that it plans to use as part of the SAT in order to reflect students\u2019 social and economic background.<\/p>\n

The mere fact that the College Board sees a need for an \u201cadversity score\u201d is a tacit admission that the SAT isn\u2019t fair for all students. But will the new score \u2013 formally called the Environmental Context Dashboard \u2013 truly capture the challenges that students face?<\/p>\n

As an\u00a0education researcher<\/a>\u00a0who focuses on matters of equity, I believe the new adversity score will be an inadequate remedy for a test that has been inequitable from the start.<\/p>\n

Here\u2019s why.<\/p>\n

1. The \u2018adversity score\u2019 is flawed< <\/strong>\/h4>
\nThere are 15 variables in three different areas: family environment, neighborhood environment and high school environment.<\/p>\n

The neighborhood environment includes the crime rate, poverty rate, housing values and vacancy rate.<\/p>\n

The family environment includes median income, whether the household is single parent, education level of the parent and whether the family speaks English as a second language.<\/p>\n

The high school environment includes curricular rigor, the free lunch rate, how many Advanced Placement courses are available and how frequently students \u201cundermatch,\u201d or go to colleges that are less selective than the ones they are qualified to attend.<\/p>\n

These factors won\u2019t necessarily explain why a student in a particular area or household did well or poorly on the SAT.<\/p>\n

For example, the vacancy rate doesn\u2019t capture gentrification, a phenomenon in which predominantly black neighborhoods are seeing longtime black residents displaced by white, wealthier young professionals. So a child from an economically struggling family could be in neighborhood with low vacancy and high home values, but the child\u2019s family may be struggling to stay in that area.<\/p>\n

The adversity score also considers having a single parent as an adversity. However, a student could be in a two-parent household and still face adversity if one or both of the parents has a serious problem, such as drug or alcohol addiction.<\/p>\n

Being able to count one of the adversity factors matters in determining the adversity score. As the Wall Street Journal\u00a0reports<\/a>: \u201cAn adversity score of 50 is average. Anything above it designates hardship, below it privilege.\u201d<\/p>\n

2. The SAT is rooted in a racist past<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Adding an adversity score to the SAT does nothing to change the racist origin of the test \u2013 a past that reverberates to this day.<\/p>\n

When Carl Brigham, a professor of psychology at Princeton University,\u00a0created the Scholastic Aptitude Test<\/a>, now known as the SAT, he was an active member of the\u00a0Eugenics Society<\/a>. This society believed in the supremacy of white people and in using education to work for the purposes of preserving the purity of the race.<\/p>\n

Brigham wrote a\u00a0book<\/a>\u00a0about what he saw as the inferiority of immigrants and black people to white people. This belief echoed in his\u00a0testing of intelligence<\/a>\u00a0for the United States Army. Brigham concluded that \u201cthe army mental tests had proven beyond any scientific doubt that, like the American Negroes, the Italians and Jews were genetically ineducable.\u201d He later adapted that test into the SAT.<\/p>\n

Although Brigham later\u00a0recanted<\/a>\u00a0his racist positions, the\u00a0foundational purpose and theory<\/a>\u00a0had been cast.<\/p>\n

This practice weighting questions to favor whites has been studied and\u00a0verified in 2003<\/a>\u00a0by Roy Freedle and again verified in\u00a02010<\/a>\u00a0by education researchers Veronica Santelices and Mark Wilson.<\/p>\n

The SAT\u2019s racist origins continue to echo in today\u2019s formation of test items and how they are ranked. For example, in 2002, education researchers found that items on which black students scored higher than white students were\u00a0discarded<\/a>\u00a0from the SAT.<\/p>\n

A 2010 study confirmed that the test was continually shaped in a\u00a0racially discriminatory way<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Newer versions of the SAT have also been found to\u00a0disadvantage girls<\/a>. Newer versions have also contained stereotypes and gender bias.<\/p>\n

For instance, a 2015 version of the test asked students to analyze an argument that\u00a0a woman\u2019s place is in the home<\/a>. A different problem on the same test had more boys than girls in a math class.<\/p>\n

In short, the adversity score represents a flawed attempt to fix a flawed test.<\/p>\n

3. Test measures wealth<\/strong><\/h4>\n

As has shown by the recent\u00a0college admissions scandal<\/a>, there are several ways that more affluent people game the test. For instance, if students can afford the expensive test preparation programs, they, at minimum, are more familiar with the test format and sample items.<\/p>\n

The advantage of money cannot be ignored. High SAT scores are highly\u00a0correlated with higher family incomes<\/a>. This undermines any claims that the SAT is objective.<\/p>\n

On a more sinister level, several individuals in the college admission scandal have\u00a0paid for disability designations<\/a>\u00a0so that their children have more time to take the test.<\/p>\n

In short, the SAT has never been neutral about race, class or gender.<\/p>\n

Moving away from the SAT<\/strong><\/h4>\n

So, what to do with these facts? The SAT has been proven, time and time again, to\u00a0fail as an indicator<\/a>\u00a0of achievement in college. It also is\u00a0less predictive<\/a>\u00a0than high school GPA averages and family income levels.<\/p>\n

Based on these disparities, colleges and universities can choose to stop using the test. An\u00a0increasing number<\/a>\u00a0of institutions of higher education have decided to go test-optional.<\/p>\n

If more colleges and students opt out of the SAT, it could break the SAT\u2019s almost centurylong hold as a biased gatekeeper to college.<\/p>\n

Short of not using the SAT, admissions officers and colleges could give more consideration to other things, such as essays or recommendation letters.<\/p>\n

Admissions officers can also learn to see students\u2019 \u201ccommunity cultural wealth<\/a>\u201d \u2013 as race and education scholar Tara Yosso terms it \u2013 rather than seeing high achieving students as the meritorious individuals who have risen above their adverse conditions.<\/p>\n

Students of color with the least advantage in terms of wealth don\u2019t need saviors \u2013 they need a more just society.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong>Leigh Patel is an Associate Dean for Equity and Justice at the University of Pittsburgh<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The College Board recently revealed a new\u00a0\u201cadversity score\u201d\u00a0that it plans to use as part of the SAT in order to reflect students\u2019 social and economic background. The mere fact that the College Board sees a need for an \u201cadversity score\u201d is a tacit admission that the SAT isn\u2019t fair for all students. But will the […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":48009,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[4187],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-48008","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-higher-education","tag-sat"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe SAT\u2019s new \u2018adversity score\u2019 is a poor fix for a problematic test - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/the-sats-new-adversity-score-is-a-poor-fix-for-a-problematic-test\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The SAT\u2019s new \u2018adversity score\u2019 is a poor fix for a problematic test - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The College Board recently revealed a new\u00a0\u201cadversity score\u201d\u00a0that it plans to use as part of the SAT in order to reflect students\u2019 social and economic background. 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