{"id":47962,"date":"2019-05-20T12:46:19","date_gmt":"2019-05-20T19:46:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=47962"},"modified":"2019-05-20T12:46:19","modified_gmt":"2019-05-20T19:46:19","slug":"states-not-just-congress-should-unlock-student-financial-aid-for-people-in-prison","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/states-not-just-congress-should-unlock-student-financial-aid-for-people-in-prison\/","title":{"rendered":"States \u2013 not just Congress \u2013 should unlock student financial aid for people in prison"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"
\nWhen it comes to higher education in prison, much of the\u00a0media<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0advocacy<\/a>\u00a0focus is on trying to get Congress to\u00a0lift a longstanding ban<\/a>\u00a0on giving Pell Grants to people serving time.<\/p>\n

While a\u00a0bipartisan effort<\/a>\u00a0to restore Pell Grant eligibility to people in prison has stirred optimism among\u00a0advocates<\/a>, the top Republican on the House Education Committee \u2013 U.S. Rep. Virginia Foxx, of North Carolina \u2013 questioned whether the federal government should make federal money available to people in prison.<\/p>\n

\u201cI do not understand why we want to burden people all over this country to pay for programs for prisons by giving them Pell Grants when the states themselves can take care of this,\u201d Foxx said during a May 9\u00a0congressional hearing<\/a>\u00a0on how to improve college completion rates.<\/p>\n

In a follow-up email to The Conversation, a spokesperson for Foxx wrote that the congresswoman believes that \u201cmore work can and should be done to educate incarcerated individuals.\u201d She also stated that the congresswoman believes the federal government is \u201cnot the only solution, and that states have a leadership role they must play.\u201d<\/p>\n

I believe Foxx is right that states could fund higher education in prison. However, when I examined state laws and policies nationwide, I found that many states \u2013 just like\u00a0Congress in 1994<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 have\u00a0explicitly banned incarcerated people<\/a>\u00a0from receiving state financial aid grants.<\/p>\n

Grants off-limits<\/strong><\/h4>\n

As part of\u00a0my research<\/a>\u00a0on policies that affect people who were impacted by the criminal justice system, I analyzed the state statutes, regulations and program manuals for at least\u00a0357<\/a>\u00a0active, state-funded grant programs for college students. Approximately 37% \u2013 or 131 of them \u2013 across 26 states explicitly deny aid eligibility to incarcerated students or students with criminal convictions.<\/p>\n

To understand why the state bans on financial aid were enacted, I reviewed historical documents and interviewed former state policymakers who created the bans.<\/p>\n

HOPE lost in Georgia<\/strong><\/h4>\n

One of the most well-known state scholarship programs is the\u00a0Georgia HOPE Scholarship<\/a>, an initiative of the\u00a0late Democratic Gov. Zell Miller<\/a>.<\/p>\n

A former staffer in Gov. Miller\u2019s administration told me that a 1994 audit found that incarcerated students enrolled in courses through private nonprofit colleges were using what was then called the HOPE Grant, a flat US$500 per semester scholarship.<\/p>\n

For the\u00a0tough-on-crime<\/a>\u00a0Gov. Miller \u2013 who was facing his November 1994 reelection \u2013 this finding of prisoners using taxpayer funds was a political problem. If the public or his opponents learned that his prized program was being used by \u201ccriminals,\u201d it could cost him the election. The governor directed his staff to keep the issue quiet. After Miller\u2019s narrow electoral victory \u2013\u00a051% to 49%<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 his staff issued new administrative\u00a0regulations<\/a>\u00a0in spring 1995 that stopped the flow of\u00a0HOPE<\/a>\u00a0money to students in prison. As a result,\u00a0incarcerated students are not eligible<\/a>\u00a0for any of the scholarships administered by the Georgia Student Finance Commission.<\/p>\n

Indiana shuts prisoners out<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Similarly, in 2011 the state of Indiana changed its\u00a0laws<\/a>\u00a0to prevent incarcerated people from receiving the\u00a0Frank O\u2019Bannon Grant<\/a>, the state\u2019s largest need-based financial aid program. The program awarded more than\u00a0$178.6 million<\/a>\u00a0in fiscal year 2018.<\/p>\n

In the wake of the Great Recession, the Indiana state budget, like those of other states, was facing\u00a0massive cuts<\/a>. But during this time, the number of state grant recipients\u00a0grew<\/a>. This kind of growth\u00a0often occurs<\/a>\u00a0during economic downturns as unemployed people return to college to gain new skills and credentials.<\/p>\n

To explore where to cut, the budget officers in Republican Gov. Mitch Daniels\u2019 office audited scholarship spending, a governor\u2019s office staffer told me. They learned that incarcerated students were receiving millions of dollars in state financial aid. One news report stated that 2,500 prisoners got about\u00a0$9 million<\/a>\u00a0in O’Bannon grants in the 2009-2010 academic year \u2013 nearly a third of the $30 million in O’Bannon grants awarded that year.<\/p>\n

So budget staff proposed eliminating their aid eligibility. The Republican-controlled Indiana legislature passed the new law in its\u00a02011 budget bill<\/a>, which had a swift impact on Indiana\u2019s prison higher education programs.<\/p>\n

Without student aid to pay for tuition costs, the six public and private colleges that offered credit courses in Indiana prisons\u00a0stopped doing so<\/a>. They also\u00a0let go of hundreds of faculty<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0lost millions<\/a>\u00a0in tuition revenue.<\/p>\n

A chance to act<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In my\u00a0dissertation<\/a>, I argue that state governments should restore financial aid eligibility to incarcerated students.<\/p>\n

As other scholars have\u00a0pointed out<\/a>, restoring grant aid to the thousands of qualified incarcerated students could yield\u00a0benefits to students and society<\/a>, including\u00a0lower rates<\/a>\u00a0of people returning to prison. Fewer people returning to prison results in more\u00a0savings for taxpayers<\/a>. Research shows prison education also leads to\u00a0better prospects for employment<\/a>.<\/p>\n

California, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Illinois and Indiana are among the states that\u00a0spend the most money annually<\/a>\u00a0on financial aid for undergraduate students. Yet, incarcerated students are explicitly denied eligibility for the largest grant programs in those states. These programs include the California Cal Grant, New York Tuition Assistance Program, New Jersey Tuition Aid Grant, Pennsylvania State Grant, Illinois Monetary Award Program and Indiana Frank O\u2019Bannon Grant. Restoring state grants to the thousands of qualified incarcerated students in these states would have a large and immediate impact.<\/p>\n

Legislators in at least two states have recently tried to amend their financial aid laws.\u00a0New Jersey legislators<\/a>\u00a0introduced a bill in 2018 to reverse its total ban on financial aid for incarcerated students, and\u00a0Tennessee legislators<\/a>\u00a0introduced a bill in 2019 to make the\u00a0popular Tennessee Reconnect<\/a>\u00a0program available to incarcerated students. None of the bills have made recent advancements towards passage.<\/p>\n

It is too soon to tell what Congress will do with the\u00a0REAL Act<\/a>, a bill to restore Pell Grants to incarcerated students. The bill is currently scored as having a\u00a03% chance<\/a>\u00a0of being enacted.<\/p>\n

State legislators, however, have an opportunity to unlock financial aid for people in prison.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Bradley D. Custer is a Ph.D. Candidate at Michigan State University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

When it comes to higher education in prison, much of the\u00a0media\u00a0and\u00a0advocacy\u00a0focus is on trying to get Congress to\u00a0lift a longstanding ban\u00a0on giving Pell Grants to people serving time. While a\u00a0bipartisan effort\u00a0to restore Pell Grant eligibility to people in prison has stirred optimism among\u00a0advocates, the top Republican on the House Education Committee \u2013 U.S. Rep. Virginia […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":47963,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[295255],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-47962","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","tag-prisoner-aid"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nStates \u2013 not just Congress \u2013 should unlock student financial aid for people in prison - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/states-not-just-congress-should-unlock-student-financial-aid-for-people-in-prison\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"States \u2013 not just Congress \u2013 should unlock student financial aid for people in prison - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When it comes to higher education in prison, much of the\u00a0media\u00a0and\u00a0advocacy\u00a0focus is on trying to get Congress to\u00a0lift a longstanding ban\u00a0on giving Pell Grants to people serving time. While a\u00a0bipartisan effort\u00a0to restore Pell Grant eligibility to people in prison has stirred optimism among\u00a0advocates, the top Republican on the House Education Committee \u2013 U.S. Rep. 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