{"id":47521,"date":"2019-04-17T12:51:33","date_gmt":"2019-04-17T19:51:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=47521"},"modified":"2019-04-17T12:51:33","modified_gmt":"2019-04-17T19:51:33","slug":"how-columbine-became-a-blueprint-for-school-shooters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/how-columbine-became-a-blueprint-for-school-shooters\/","title":{"rendered":"How Columbine became a blueprint for school shooters"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"
\nWhen 12 students and one teacher were killed in Littleton, Colorado 20 years ago, it not only became what at the time was the\u00a0worst high school shooting<\/a>\u00a0in U.S. history. It also marked when American society was first handed a script for a new form of violence in schools.<\/p>\n

We make that observation as researchers \u2013 a\u00a0psychologist<\/a>\u00a0and a\u00a0sociologist<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 who have been studying mass public shootings as\u00a0part of a grant<\/a>\u00a0from the U.S. Department of Justice.<\/p>\n

Since the 1999 tragedy at Columbine High School, we identified six mass shootings and 40\u00a0active shooter<\/a>\u00a0incidents at elementary, middle or high schools in the United States. Mass shootings are\u00a0defined by the FBI<\/a>\u00a0as an event in which four or more victims died by gunfire.<\/p>\n

In 20 \u2013 or nearly half \u2013 of those 46 school shootings, the perpetrator purposely used Columbine as a model.<\/p>\n

Columbine\u2019s influence continues until this day. On April 17 \u2013 just three days ahead of the 20th anniversary of the Columbine shooting \u2013 authorities\u00a0closed schools across Colorado<\/a>\u00a0due to a credible threat of a woman armed with a shotgun and who was \u201cinfatuated with Columbine<\/a>.\u201d The 18-year-old Florida woman was reportedly\u00a0found dead in Colorado<\/a>later in the day from an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound.<\/p>\n

The ties that bind to Columbine<\/strong><\/h4>\n

In our study of school shootings, we only looked at cases where a gun was fired on campus, following the practice of\u00a0The Washington Post\u2019s<\/a>database on school shootings. Had we included\u00a0foiled plots<\/a>, the number would be\u00a0significantly higher<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Several school shooters in our study were\u00a0fascinated with Columbine<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0researched<\/a>\u00a0the massacre before their own. This includes the\u00a0Parkland shooter<\/a>, a\u00a014-year-old<\/a>\u00a0who aspired to be \u201cthe youngest mass murderer<\/a>,\u201d and a\u00a015-year-old<\/a>\u00a0who shot at his teacher after she\u00a0refused to praise Marilyn Manson<\/a>, the rock singer who was\u00a0erroneously blamed<\/a>\u00a0for inspiring the Columbine killers.<\/p>\n

The timing of the April 17 threat to Colorado schools is no coincidence. Prior perpetrators chose the anniversary of Columbine to commit their shootings, including\u00a0one month<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0two years<\/a>\u00a0after. A different shooter talked of how he was going to \u201cpull a Columbine<\/a>.\u201d Others discussed Columbine with\u00a0classmates<\/a>, even\u00a0joked about it<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The\u00a0Sandy Hook Elementary School<\/a>\u00a0shooter idolized the Columbine killers and curated a Tumblr account paying homage, alongside a graphic collage of Columbine victims. A North Carolina shooter was so\u00a0obsessed with Columbine<\/a>\u00a0that he\u00a0took a vacation<\/a>\u00a0there with his mother and fantasized about\u00a0\u201cfinishing off\u201d<\/a>\u00a0any wounded survivors.<\/p>\n

Multiple shooters, including one\u00a015-year-old in Oregon<\/a>\u00a0and another in\u00a0Washington state<\/a>, were inspired by a\u00a0documentary<\/a>\u00a0about Columbine that included detailed recreations of what happened. One\u00a0Wisconsin teenager<\/a>held his classroom hostage after\u00a0reading a book<\/a>\u00a0about Columbine.<\/p>\n

Perpetrators also\u00a0dressed in trench coats<\/a>\u00a0like the Columbine shooters, including those responsible for the\u00a02018 Santa Fe shooting<\/a>, where 10 people died, and a 2004\u00a0nonfatal shooting<\/a>\u00a0in New York. Indeed, the\u00a0trench coat<\/a>\u00a0has appeared in subsequent school shootings because Columbine gave it meaning beyond any intrinsic use.<\/p>\n

Why Columbine?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Columbine has spawned an entire\u00a0subculture of \u201cColumbiners\u201d and copycats<\/a>. A March 2019\u00a0shooting in Brazil that killed eight<\/a>\u00a0shows that Columbine\u2019s influence is global. But Columbine was not the\u00a0first school shooting<\/a>, not even that year.\u00a0Eleven months<\/a>\u00a0before the horror in Littleton unfolded, an expelled 15-year-old \u2013 also wearing a trench coat \u2013 killed two and injured 25 at a school in Springfield, Oregon. Why do we not now talk about the \u201cSpringfield effect\u201d?<\/p>\n

Partly because the perpetrator in Springfield was\u00a0professionally diagnosed as psychotic<\/a>, meaning his attack could be more easily explained away. He also acted alone, whereas having two shooters immediately intensified the intrigue around Columbine. But the main reason for Columbine\u2019s longevity was that its perpetrators created\u00a0manifestos<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0home movies<\/a>\u00a0of their preparations in hopes that their story would outlive them. Unfortunately, it has.<\/p>\n

Before Columbine, there was no script for how school shooters should behave, dress and speak. Columbine created \u201ccommon knowledge<\/a>,\u201d the foundation of coordination in the absence of a standardized playbook. Timing was everything. The massacre was one of the first to take place after\u00a0the advent of 24-hour cable news<\/a>\u00a0and during the \u201cthe year of the net<\/a>.\u201d This was the dawn of the digital age of\u00a0perfect remembering<\/a>, where words and deeds live online forever. Columbine became the pilot for future episodes of\u00a0fame-seeking violence<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Separating myth from reality<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Our research has found that school shootings have nothing to do with\u00a0jock envy<\/a>,\u00a0satanism<\/a>,\u00a0video games<\/a>, or\u00a0Keanu Reeves<\/a>, and school shooters are not\u00a0psychopathic masterminds<\/a>. In fact, these soundbite explanations for aberrant behavior only blind us to the reality of school violence.<\/p>\n

School shooters are almost always\u00a0current students<\/a>\u00a0of their schools. They are students who are in crisis, students who have experienced trauma, and students who are\u00a0actively suicidal<\/a>\u00a0prior to the shooting and expect to die in the act. Such children have always existed. But for 20 years they\u2019ve had a new script to follow.<\/p>\n

And we, the public, have contributed to the production and direction of this script. Again and again and again. Through our obsession with\u00a0true crime<\/a>\u00a0and films,\u00a0books<\/a>, memes and entire websites devoted to Columbine. By releasing CCTV footage of the shooting to the public. By running our children through regular lockdowns and\u00a0active shooter drills<\/a>starting in preschool through 12th grade. By sending them to school through secure entrances with\u00a0clear backpacks<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0bulletproof binders<\/a>. Society and culture have reared a\u00a0Columbine generation<\/a>, modeling that this is just part of childhood in America.<\/p>\n

Flipping the script<\/strong><\/h4>\n

After serial killing peaked in the\u00a0late 1980s<\/a>, it\u2019s hard to know which\u00a0faded first<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 the serial killers themselves or the public obsession with them. The same fear and fascination that created the\u00a0serial killer panic<\/a>\u00a0is what drives the\u00a0Columbine effect<\/a>. After 20 years, it\u2019s time to\u00a0rewrite the script<\/a>being rehearsed with young people.<\/p>\n

It starts with no names, no photos and\u00a0no notoriety<\/a>\u00a0for mass shooters in media coverage \u2013 which is why we don\u2019t indulge here. The next step is a paradigm shift from\u00a0homeroom security<\/a>\u00a0to holistic violence prevention in schools \u2013 mental health, supportive environments, strong relationships and crisis intervention and deescalation. Teachers should feel as comfortable asking a student about suicide as they feel going into lockdown; empowered to spend as much time teaching empathy and resilience as they do now training to\u00a0run, hide, fight<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The victims and survivors of school violence must not be forgotten, but to prevent another two decades of\u00a0contagion<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0copycats<\/a>, it requires a recognition that it is time to\u00a0close the curtain<\/a>\u00a0on the spectacle of Columbine.<\/p>\n

Author Bios:<\/strong> Jillian Peterson is Professor of Criminal Justice at Hamline University and James Densley is Professor of Criminal Justice at the Metropolitan State University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

When 12 students and one teacher were killed in Littleton, Colorado 20 years ago, it not only became what at the time was the\u00a0worst high school shooting\u00a0in U.S. history. It also marked when American society was first handed a script for a new form of violence in schools. We make that observation as researchers \u2013 […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":47522,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[13579],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-47521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","tag-school-shootings"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHow Columbine became a blueprint for school shooters - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/how-columbine-became-a-blueprint-for-school-shooters\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Columbine became a blueprint for school shooters - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When 12 students and one teacher were killed in Littleton, Colorado 20 years ago, it not only became what at the time was the\u00a0worst high school shooting\u00a0in U.S. history. 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