{"id":47406,"date":"2019-04-05T12:27:00","date_gmt":"2019-04-05T19:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=47406"},"modified":"2019-04-05T12:27:00","modified_gmt":"2019-04-05T19:27:00","slug":"putins-plagiarism-fake-ukrainian-degrees-and-other-tales-of-world-leaders-accused-of-academic-fraud","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/putins-plagiarism-fake-ukrainian-degrees-and-other-tales-of-world-leaders-accused-of-academic-fraud\/","title":{"rendered":"Putin\u2019s plagiarism, fake Ukrainian degrees and other tales of world leaders accused of academic fraud"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"
\nA recent\u00a0college admissions scandal in the United States<\/a>, which revealed that wealthy parents had bribed officials at elite universities, exposed the price some people are willing to pay to say, \u201cI went to an Ivy League school<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

In a country where the myth of\u00a0academic meritocracy<\/a>\u00a0persists despite plenty of\u00a0evidence to the contrary<\/a>, many people were\u00a0shocked<\/a>\u00a0to learn that the education system was rife with illegal and unethical conduct.<\/p>\n

But academic fraud is nothing new \u2013 and it wasn\u2019t invented in the United States. In certain countries,\u00a0my research on academic corruption attests<\/a>, some public officials have built their entire political careers on the false pretense of scholastic achievement.<\/p>\n

Lying leaders<\/strong><\/h4>\n

You\u2019d think that former German Minister of Defense Baron Karl-Theodor Maria Nikolaus Johann Jacob Philipp Franz Joseph Sylvester Buhl-Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg already had a long enough name.<\/p>\n

But in 2006, he decided to add the title of \u201cDr.\u201d to it, completing his doctorate of law at Germany\u2019s University of Beyrouth.<\/p>\n

Or so he said.<\/p>\n

It turns out that Guttenburg, then widely seen as the successor to Chancelor Angela Merkel, had plagiarized large sections of his\u00a0Ph.D. dissertation comparing U.S. and European legal systems<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The internet sleuths who outed his fraud in 2011 gave Guttenberg yet another name \u2013 the sobriquet \u201cGoogleberg.\u201d He was forced to resign, fled possible criminal prosecution in Germany and, in the United States, landed an honorary position at the Washington-based\u00a0Centre for Strategic and International Studies think tank<\/a>.
\n

\"\"

German Minister of Defense Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg arrives at a press briefing to announce his resignation in Berlin, March 1, 2011. Reuters\/Thomas Peter<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

Romanian Prime Minister Victor Ponta initially tried a different approach when he was accused of academic plagiarism soon after taking office in 2012: He\u00a0denied everything<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe only reproach I have is that I did not list authors at the bottom of each page, but put them in the bibliography at the end,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Ponta\u00a0quit his post in 2015<\/a>\u00a0after going on trial for tax evasion and facing a series of other scandals.<\/p>\n

But he still defended his academic honor.<\/p>\n

\u201cAfter\u2026stepping down from the political scene, I wish to pursue a new doctorate while adhering to and respecting all of the standards and requirements,\u201d he said bravely, after\u00a0admitting to having plagiarized more than half of his 2004 dissertation<\/a>\u00a0on the International Criminal Court.<\/p>\n

Ponta later wrote to the rector of Bucharest University to renounce his degree.<\/p>\n

Denial: The strongman\u2019s tactic<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Russian President Vladimir Putin has been far less receptive to repeated\u00a0allegations<\/a>\u00a0that he was not the intellectual braintrust behind his 1997 dissertation, \u201cMineral and Raw Materials Resources and the Development Strategy for the Russian Economy.\u201d<\/p>\n

Accusations against Putin first surfaced in 2006, when an\u00a0investigation by the Brookings Institution<\/a>\u00a0alleged he copied about 16 pages of his 200-page Ph.D. dissertation from other sources.<\/p>\n

Twelve years later, the Russian strongman found himself defending against accusations that his dissertation had been ghostwritten. According to former Russian legislator Olga Litvinenko, Putin\u2019s dissertation was\u00a0written by her father, Vladimir Litvinenko, Putin\u2019s academic advisor<\/a>\u00a0and the rector of Saint Petersburg Mining University.
\n

\"\"

Putin neither confirms nor denies allegations that he plagiarized his doctoral dissertation. WAW\/FMS via Reuters<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

Also helpful in \u201cwriting\u201d Putin\u2019s dissertation, says Litvinenko: a photocopy machine.<\/p>\n

Employing the only cut-and-paste technology available in the late 1990s, she says her father helped Putin cheat by using scissors to snip paragraphs from various sources, glued them together and copied them to create new pages in his dissertation.<\/p>\n

Putin has\u00a0never responded to the allegations<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Models of cheating<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Guttenberg\u2019s, Ponta\u2019s and Putin\u2019s reactions to their false doctorate scandals are all completely appropriate, my research finds \u2013 if you consider the cultural context in which each occurred.<\/p>\n

Leaving office, or even fleeing the country, after allegations of academic corruption, as Guttenberg did, is a rational response in his situation.<\/p>\n

Germany ranks sixth of 129 countries worldwide in terms of adherence to the law,\u00a0according to the World Justice Project\u2019s annual \u201crule of law\u201d index<\/a>. There, such criminal acts bring professional disgrace, a likely conviction in court and possibly even jail time.<\/p>\n

In an emerging democracy that still struggles with corruption, however,\u00a0such as Romania<\/a>, bravado is a reasonable way to handle allegations of academic malfeasance. Among European countries, Romania is among the least likely to hold public officials accountable for\u00a0abuses of power or to demand transparency from government employees<\/a>, according to the World Justice Project, which ranks the rule of law worldwide.<\/p>\n

And in a\u00a0well-established autocracy like Russia<\/a>, frankly, top politicians can afford the luxury of simply ignoring allegations of a falsified resumes. Putin has held top office, as either president or prime minister, since 1999.<\/p>\n

His\u00a0grip on power is so all-encompassing<\/a>\u00a0that he is immune to the negative consequences of academic scandal \u2013 or pretty much any scandal.<\/p>\n

Ukraine\u2019s dissertation factories<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The same holds true in Ukraine, another struggling young democracy.<\/p>\n

In Ukraine, it is\u00a0traditional for top politicians to hold doctorates<\/a>. All of the five presidents that have run Ukraine since its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 have had their Ph.D.\u2018s \u2013 at least in theory.<\/p>\n

But since the country has dozens of private firms that offer ghostwritten\u00a0dissertations for sale<\/a>, it has also become a\u00a0Ukrainian tradition to expose politicians with unearned doctorates<\/a>.<\/p>\n

President Victor Yanukovych\u2019s doctorate and professorship was\u00a0called into doubt<\/a>\u00a0when\u00a0people noticed that his 2004 application to run for president<\/a>\u00a0contained numerous grammatical errors \u2013 including the misspelled word \u201cproffesor.\u201d<\/p>\n

In 2017,\u00a0former Ukranian Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk<\/a>\u00a0was also accused of plagiarizing his dissertation.<\/p>\n

Both followed Putin\u2019s model: Ignore the scandal and hope it will just go away.<\/p>\n

It did. Yanukovych became president on his second try in 2010. Yatsenyuk remains one of Ukraine\u2019s leading politicians.<\/p>\n

Don\u2019t ask me about my degree<\/strong><\/h4>\n

When asked about how they made their fortune, billionaires often cite Henry Ford\u2019s\u00a0quip<\/a>: \u201cI am ready to account for any day in my life, but don\u2019t ask me how I made my first million.\u201d<\/p>\n

The car manufacturer\u2019s bon mot hints at the shady \u2013 sometimes illicit \u2013 origins or great wealth.<\/p>\n

For some European and Russian politicians \u2013 or even American college graduates \u2013 today, the modern equivalent might be, \u201cDon\u2019t ask me how I earned my degree.\u201d<\/p>\n

Author Bio: <\/strong>Ararat Osipian is Visiting Professor at George Mason University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A recent\u00a0college admissions scandal in the United States, which revealed that wealthy parents had bribed officials at elite universities, exposed the price some people are willing to pay to say, \u201cI went to an Ivy League school.\u201d In a country where the myth of\u00a0academic meritocracy\u00a0persists despite plenty of\u00a0evidence to the contrary, many people were\u00a0shocked\u00a0to learn […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":47407,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[295197],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-47406","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-higher-education","tag-fake-degrees"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPutin\u2019s plagiarism, fake Ukrainian degrees and other tales of world leaders accused of academic fraud - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/putins-plagiarism-fake-ukrainian-degrees-and-other-tales-of-world-leaders-accused-of-academic-fraud\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Putin\u2019s plagiarism, fake Ukrainian degrees and other tales of world leaders accused of academic fraud - 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