{"id":47276,"date":"2019-03-25T00:29:49","date_gmt":"2019-03-25T07:29:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=47276"},"modified":"2019-03-25T00:29:49","modified_gmt":"2019-03-25T07:29:49","slug":"aussie-parents-are-under-pressure-to-buy-their-kids-academic-advantage-too","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/aussie-parents-are-under-pressure-to-buy-their-kids-academic-advantage-too\/","title":{"rendered":"Aussie parents are under pressure to buy their kids academic advantage too"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Academic-Advantage.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"262\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-47277\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Academic-Advantage.jpg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/Academic-Advantage-250x96.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><br \/>\nAllegations of parents\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/hollywood-actors-ceos-charged-nationwide-college-admissions-cheating\/story?id=61627873\">cheating and bribing<\/a>\u00a0top-tier universities in the US to secure their children\u2019s admission have caused a media storm in recent weeks. Those indicted included members of the Hollywood elite.<\/p>\n<p>The US attorney said \u201cthere can be no separate college admissions system for the wealthy\u201d. The parents\u2019 actions were denounced, in a system that claims it does not, and will not, allow parents to purchase academic success.<\/p>\n<p>But the reality is that the education system feeds into the \u201cchoice\u201d parents make. In Australia, and elsewhere, the system doesn\u2019t favour academic merit, but parental wealth. Instead of meritocracy, we see a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10780-015-9261-7\">parentocracy<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 the actions and wealth of parents act as key determinants of a child\u2019s academic success.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Parentocracy not meritocracy<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Caregivers using privilege to buy their children\u2019s way into, and through, education is not a Hollywood anomaly, nor the domain of elites.<\/p>\n<p>Governments and education officials may claim education systems are pillars of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-your-parents-level-of-education-affects-your-chances-44506\">meritocracy<\/a>, with effort and ability key to success. But the middle class have long being recognised for their ability to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/why-poor-kids-continue-to-do-poorly-in-the-education-game-23500\">use their economic and cultural resources<\/a>\u00a0to negotiate education systems on behalf of their children.<\/p>\n<p>For example, research demonstrates Australian parents use economic resources to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>enrol children in academic tutoring specifically to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/selective-schools-increasingly-cater-to-the-most-advantaged-students-74151\">prepare them for selective schools tests<\/a><\/li>\n<li>have children\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/17508487.2013.877051?scroll=top&amp;needAccess=true&amp;journalCode=rcse20\">attend NAPLAN skills days and camps<\/a>\u00a0after school and in school holidays<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tasa.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/Bousfield.pdf\">buy practice test books<\/a>\u00a0and additional resources to prepare children for standardised examinations including NAPLAN and HSC (and similar senior school certificates)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/01596306.2015.1061976?journalCode=cdis20\">engage academically able children<\/a>\u00a0in private tutoring to ensure an \u201cacademic edge\u201d<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/school-choice-no-great-love-for-the-private-path-but-parents-follow-the-money-40376\">participate in school choice markets<\/a>\u00a0including enrolling children in private schools with extra resources and state-of-the-art facilities<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/location-matters-most-to-parents-when-choosing-a-public-school-41090\">buy real estate in catchment areas<\/a>\u00a0enabling enrolment in preferred public schools.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Education policy and parenting<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>It\u2019s too simplistic, however, to write off the actions and spending of parents as a personal choice made only to seek educational advantage for their children. The way we parent reflects more than an individual\u2019s choice. Parenting practice echoes the society we parent in and the institutions (including schools) we interact with.<\/p>\n<p>If we are to talk about parents\u2019 interactions with schools, we must also reflect on government policy.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s consider NAPLAN and the My School website. The introduction of NAPLAN in 2008 and My School in 2010 was a significant change for Australian parents. For the first time, they received student reports that measured not only their child\u2019s individual achievement but their achievement against other students in their school and against a national average. My School allowed comparison of whole school results with other schools nationwide.<\/p>\n<p>Government touted both policies as means to individualism \u2013 providing freedom and opportunity for parents to enhance their \u201cinformed choice\u201d in decisions involving their child\u2019s education. But, for some parents, new information resulted in new pressures and new obligations.<\/p>\n<p>As a case in point, research tells us NAPLAN has resulted in anxiety for some parents, and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/17508487.2013.877051?scroll=top&amp;needAccess=true&amp;journalCode=rcse20\">many are concerned<\/a>\u00a0about how NAPLAN results are used. In one study, parents said they were worried about requests from secondary schools to bring NAPLAN reports along to interviews prior to enrolment.<\/p>\n<p>For many this means NAPLAN is not just a source of information. Poor results could pose an educational risk. And parents are trying to negate that risk.<\/p>\n<p>To alleviate perceived risk, parents have participated in an ever-growing NAPLAN market.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.smh.com.au\/education\/brands-cash-in-on-naplan-test-fear-20130510-2jdma.html\">The sale of NAPLAN practice test books<\/a>, for example, almost doubled from 2011 to 2012.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/01596306.2015.1061976?journalCode=cdis20\">Private tutoring and coaching colleges<\/a>offering targeted NAPLAN services have seen exponential growth. An estimated\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2017-09-28\/high-school-students-paying-thousands-for-tutoring\/8994644\">one in seven<\/a>\u00a0Australian school children attend tutoring outside of school.<\/p>\n<p>Under these conditions, parents using their economic resources is about more than educational advantage. Arguably, it is also about an obligation to act to guard against educational risk.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Parents don\u2019t act alone<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>German sociologists Beck and Beck-Gernsheim argue parenting and parenting actions must be understood in the context of policy, institutions and how this translates to parents. They call this\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/uk.sagepub.com\/en-gb\/eur\/individualization\/book207792\">\u201cindividualisation\u201d<\/a>. In these conditions:<\/p>\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/catalogue.nla.gov.au\/Record\/579854\">it<\/a>\u00a0is no longer enough to accept the child just as it is [\u2026] the child becomes the focus of parental effort [\u2026] there is a whole new market with enticing offers to increase your child\u2019s competence, and soon enough options begin to look like new obligations [\u2026]<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The key word here is obligation.<\/p>\n<p>Individualisation is not individualism. Individualism assumes parents have a choice. Individualism provides parents with freedom and opportunity to act. Individualisation is the obligation to act \u2013 an obligation to protect against real or perceived educational risk.<\/p>\n<p>If we are to critique parents\u2019 practice, we must also critique the system they parent in. With this in mind, the reasons behind parents\u2019 intervening in their children\u2019s education may be more complicated than we think.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio: <\/strong>Kellie Bousfield is Associate Head of School, School of Education at Charles Sturt University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Allegations of parents\u00a0cheating and bribing\u00a0top-tier universities in the US to secure their children\u2019s admission have caused a media storm in recent weeks. Those indicted included members of the Hollywood elite. The US attorney said \u201cthere can be no separate college admissions system for the wealthy\u201d. The parents\u2019 actions were denounced, in a system that claims [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/aussie-parents-are-under-pressure-to-buy-their-kids-academic-advantage-too\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":47277,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[295176],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-47276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","tag-parenting-actions"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Aussie parents are under pressure to buy their kids academic advantage too - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/aussie-parents-are-under-pressure-to-buy-their-kids-academic-advantage-too\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Aussie parents are under pressure to buy their kids academic advantage too - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Allegations of parents\u00a0cheating and bribing\u00a0top-tier universities in the US to secure their children\u2019s admission have caused a media storm in recent weeks. Those indicted included members of the Hollywood elite. The US attorney said \u201cthere can be no separate college admissions system for the wealthy\u201d. 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