{"id":47196,"date":"2019-03-15T13:35:17","date_gmt":"2019-03-15T20:35:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=47196"},"modified":"2019-03-15T13:35:17","modified_gmt":"2019-03-15T20:35:17","slug":"how-to-improve-the-quality-of-private-universities-where-the-majority-of-indonesian-students-study","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/how-to-improve-the-quality-of-private-universities-where-the-majority-of-indonesian-students-study\/","title":{"rendered":"How to improve the quality of private universities, where the majority of Indonesian students study"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"
\nNearly 70 percent of Indonesian students<\/span><\/a>\u00a0study at private universities.\u00a0However, the quality of private universities is still below state universities.<\/span><\/p>\n

Private universities in Asia, including Indonesia, face four problems according\u00a0<\/span>to Asian Development Bank research<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0These problems are (1) expanding access to private campuses (increasing the number of students, providing lectures for financially disadvantaged and disabled people), (2) varying quality of private universities, (3) high costs at private universities, and (4) it is difficult to get financial support.<\/span><\/p>\n

Expansion of access to lectures at PTS<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

Nationally, the\u00a0<\/span>number of private tertiary institutions (around 3,000) is far more than the national tertiary education institutions (122 units)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Of the\u00a0<\/span>6.9 million Indonesian students<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, around 32% (2.2 million) study in state universities and 68% (4.7 million) in the private sector.\u00a0Private universities increase community participation in obtaining tertiary education amid the limited capacity of the state campus.<\/span><\/p>\n

Private universities play an important role in absorbing high school graduates, ensuring that Indonesia can truly take advantage of\u00a0<\/span>the demographic bonus<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, by expanding access to higher education.<\/span><\/p>\n

The increase in access that is now urgent is to increase access for disadvantaged groups and people with disabilities.\u00a0However, if the expansion of access is not accompanied by an increase in quality it is feared that it will increase the number of unemployed scholars.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quality varies<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

The quality of private universities is good, but the majority of the quality is below state universities.\u00a0The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education composes the ranking of the quality of higher education institutions into five clusters based on the quality of human resources, institutions, student activities, research and community service, and innovation.<\/span><\/p>\n

Until now there are no private universities that have entered\u00a0<\/span>cluster 1 (top) ranking of the best non-vocational universities version of Kemenristek Dikti 2018<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

There are fourteen universities that are in cluster 1, all state universities.\u00a0This is understandable because they first entered the higher education market and were supported by quality academic resources, as well as the state budget.\u00a0Until now, private universities have just entered the\u00a0<\/span>cluster 2 ranking of Kemenristek Dikti 2018<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Expensive education costs<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

If you look at the context of business, competition universities in Indonesia, including the category of\u00a0<\/span>gray areas<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and no\u00a0<\/span>camouflage ( <\/span>disguise<\/span><\/em> )<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Unlike the context in developed countries that explicitly categorizes education into the realm of\u00a0<\/span>for-profit business<\/span><\/em>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>the<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Indonesian\u00a0Higher Education Act<\/a>\u00a0normatively states that higher education is a non-profit institution.<\/span><\/p>\n

It is called disguise because in fact private universities are\u00a0for profit<\/em><\/a><\/span> organizations,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0but because in Indonesia they adhere to the law that higher education is a non-profit institution, so inevitably the PTS organizers in writing must remain\u00a0<\/span>non-profit<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(\u00a0non-profit<\/em>\u00a0).\u00a0The institution is legally nonprofit but its\u00a0<\/span>actions and behavior are like <\/span>for-profit<\/span><\/em><\/a> institutions<\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, at the 2019 National Work Meeting, the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education in its presentation on the\u00a0<\/span>strategic inflection point<\/span><\/em><\/a>\u00a0stated that higher education also entered the realm of business, especially the service business.<\/span><\/p>\n

In fact, private universities tend to be more suitable to enter the realm of business because they meet their own needs with the funds they are trying to earn themselves either through student contributions, donations, cooperation or other businesses.\u00a0They can only develop universities if there is a “profit” from the income they receive minus their expenses.\u00a0Therefore the costs of private universities tend to be more expensive than state universities, which still get a lot\u00a0<\/span>of financial assistance from the government<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

When compared to neighboring countries that might have better quality education such as Malaysia, the average tuition fees at private universities to graduate in Indonesia are twice as expensive as tuition fees at PTS Malaysia.\u00a0According\u00a0<\/span>to ADB research<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, the average tuition fees (costs up to four years average) in PTS Indonesia amounted to US $ 10,168 (around Rp145 million), compared with Malaysia ranging from US $ 5,496-US $ 8,765 (around Rp78 million-Rp125 million) .<\/span><\/p>\n

Financial problems at private universities<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

Tight competition, especially in fighting for students and resources, occurs in the higher education environment.\u00a0Funds obtained from\u00a0<\/span>tuition fees<\/span><\/em>\u00a0paid by students are important energy to revive higher education.\u00a0If a university gets a lot of students, meaning that it also gets more funding, the funds can be used to increase the quality of education both by increasing the capacity of lecturers and by adding learning support facilities.<\/span><\/p>\n

It is not only private universities that are autonomous in financial management.\u00a0Since 2000 four major state universities (University of Indonesia, Gadjah Mada University, Bogor Agricultural Institute, and Bandung Institute of Technology) have\u00a0<\/span>changed to PTN-BH<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(state-owned PTNs) and have autonomy in financial management mechanisms.\u00a0As a result, competition between state and private universities is getting tougher, which has an impact on competition to get income from student contributions.<\/span><\/p>\n

For example, competition for new students.\u00a0PTN legal entities open new student seats more\u00a0<\/span>than before<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0In fact, ITB has\u00a0<\/span>developed a wider campus<\/span><\/a>\u00a0since a few years ago\u00a0, including in Jatinangor Sumedang.\u00a0In the next 10-20 years, ITB will increase the number of students from 20,000 (generating 3,000 undergraduates per year) to\u00a0<\/span>50,000-100,000 students<\/span><\/a>(producing 5000-10,000 scholars).\u00a0UI also does the same thing by opening\u00a0<\/span>vocational classes<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, as well as\u00a0<\/span>UGM<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

This shows that universities also consider\u00a0<\/span>tuition fees<\/span><\/em>\u00a0from students to be a significant financial source.\u00a0In the context of PTS, financial resources are a serious problem for paying lecturers, support staff,\u00a0<\/span>overhead<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, and building infrastructure to support good institutional knowledge governance.\u00a0If private campuses continue to live and excel competitively, they must prepare themselves quickly and planned to be able to produce innovations that support the continuation of their education business.<\/span><\/p>\n

In terms of funding,\u00a0<\/span>the PTS merger policy might solve the problem of financial shortages<\/span><\/a>\u00a0in the short term so that\u00a0<\/span>universities that are less financially sound get a solution<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

What policy is right?<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

The problem above requires a comprehensive solution and involves many parties.\u00a0Private universities cannot be left alone struggling to overcome the problem.\u00a0The government has an important role as a regulator and creates a competitive higher education ecosystem while developing.\u00a0The following are policy recommendations to strengthen PTS in Indonesia:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. The need for policy support to develop PTS operations.\u00a0The policy, one of which,\u00a0<\/span>reduced the<\/span><\/a>\u00a0number of PTSs which were\u00a0<\/span>now too much<\/span><\/a>\u00a0through smelting.\u00a0Small private\u00a0<\/span>colleges,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0for example, only\u00a0<\/span>have one or two study programs,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0do not need to be maintained alive.\u00a0If\u00a0<\/span>several small PTS are merged into one university<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, it can be at least 10 study programs that can be managed better and efficiently.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. The need for support to ensure the quality of the higher education accreditation system through the development of PTS resource centers and databases.\u00a0It should be mapped which PTS is good in research and which PTS is more focused on teaching.\u00a0The quality of management of private universities can be seen from\u00a0<\/span>knowledge governance<\/span><\/a>\u00a0which includes how PTS produces knowledge, stores knowledge, distributes knowledge and applies that knowledge to PTS.\u00a0If the knowledge management of private universities is good, it will\u00a0<\/span>affect their superiority in competing<\/span><\/a>\u00a0for the long term.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. The need for government support in order to seek alternative funding models for PTS.\u00a0There needs to be a regulation that provides incentives to companies that contribute\u00a0<\/span>PTS<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, including private universities built by BUMN foundations.\u00a0Companies that contribute PTS have not received tax deductions.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. There is a system to support international cooperation for PTS both in research collaboration, funding and increasing knowledge management capacity.\u00a0PTS international cooperation has been carried out by several universities, including\u00a0<\/span>Telkom University<\/span><\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span>Binus University with Australian universities<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Similar cooperation needs to be improved.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    In the midst of increasingly fierce competition, managers of private universities need to develop innovations at both the management and study programs to remain relevant to the changing digital era.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Author Bio:<\/strong> Astadi Pangarso is an Administrative Science Doctoral Candidate at the University of Brawijaya<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Nearly 70 percent of Indonesian students\u00a0study at private universities.\u00a0However, the quality of private universities is still below state universities. Private universities in Asia, including Indonesia, face four problems according\u00a0to Asian Development Bank research\u00a0.\u00a0These problems are (1) expanding access to private campuses (increasing the number of students, providing lectures for financially disadvantaged and disabled people), (2) […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":47197,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[295168],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-47196","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-higher-education","tag-private-universities"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHow to improve the quality of private universities, where the majority of Indonesian students study - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/how-to-improve-the-quality-of-private-universities-where-the-majority-of-indonesian-students-study\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to improve the quality of private universities, where the majority of Indonesian students study - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nearly 70 percent of Indonesian students\u00a0study at private universities.\u00a0However, the quality of private universities is still below state universities. 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