{"id":47033,"date":"2019-02-27T12:15:47","date_gmt":"2019-02-27T20:15:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=47033"},"modified":"2019-02-27T12:15:47","modified_gmt":"2019-02-27T20:15:47","slug":"3-things-schools-should-teach-about-americas-history-of-white-supremacy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/3-things-schools-should-teach-about-americas-history-of-white-supremacy\/","title":{"rendered":"3 things schools should teach about America\u2019s history of white supremacy"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"
\nWhen it comes to how deeply embedded racism is in American society, blacks and whites have sharply different views.<\/p>\n

For instance, 70 percent of whites believe that\u00a0individual discrimination is a bigger problem<\/a>\u00a0than discrimination built into the nation\u2019s laws and institutions. Only 48 percent of blacks believe that is true.<\/p>\n

Many blacks and whites also fail to see eye to eye regarding the use of blackface, which dominated the news cycle during the early part of 2019 due to a series of\u00a0scandals<\/a>\u00a0that involve the\u00a0highest elected leaders<\/a>\u00a0in Virginia, where I teach.<\/p>\n

The donning of blackface happens throughout the country, particularly on\u00a0college campuses<\/a>.\u00a0Recent polls<\/a>\u00a0indicate that 42 percent of white American adults either think blackface is acceptable or are uncertain as to whether it is.<\/p>\n

One of the most recent blackface scandals has involved Virginia Gov. Ralph Northam, whose yearbook page from medical school features someone in blackface standing alongside another person dressed in a Ku Klux Klan robe. Northam has denied being either person. The more Northam has tried to defend his past actions, the clearer it has become to me how little he appears to know about fundamental aspects of American history, such as slavery. For instance, Northam referred to Virginia\u2019s earliest slaves as\u00a0\u201cindentured servants\u201d<\/a>. His ignorance has led to\u00a0greater scrutiny<\/a>\u00a0of how he\u00a0managed to ascend<\/a>\u00a0to the highest leadership position in a\u00a0racially diverse<\/a>\u00a0state with such a\u00a0profound history of racism and white supremacy<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ignorance is pervasive<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The reality is Gov. Northam is not alone. Most Americans are largely\u00a0uninformed<\/a>\u00a0of our nation\u2019s history of white supremacy and racial terror.<\/p>\n

As a scholar who\u00a0researches racial discrimination<\/a>, I believe much of this ignorance is due to negligence in our education system. For example, a recent\u00a0study<\/a>\u00a0found that only 8 percent of high school seniors knew that slavery was the central cause of the Civil War. There are ample opportunities to include much more about white supremacy, racial discrimination and racial violence into school curricula. Here are three things that I believe should be incorporated into all social studies curricula today:<\/p>\n

1. The Civil War was fought over slavery and one of its offshoots \u2013 the convict-lease system \u2013 did not end until the 1940s<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Civil War was fought over the South\u2019s\u00a0desire<\/a>\u00a0to maintain the institution of slavery in order to continue to\u00a0profit<\/a>\u00a0from it. It is not possible to separate the Confederacy from a\u00a0pro-slavery agenda<\/a>\u00a0and curriculums across the nation must be clear about this fact.
\n

\"\"

A Confederate treasury note from the Civil War Era shows how reliant the South\u2019s economy was on slave labor. Scott Rothstein from www.shutterstock.com
<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

After the end of the Civil War, southern whites sought to keep slavery through other means. Following a brief post-Civil War period known as\u00a0Reconstruction<\/a>, white southerners created\u00a0new laws<\/a>\u00a0that gave them legal authority to arrest blacks over the most minor offenses, such as not being able to prove they had a job.<\/p>\n

While imprisoned under these laws, blacks were then leased to corporations and farms where they were\u00a0forced to work without pay<\/a>under extremely harsh conditions. This \u201cconvict leasing<\/a>\u201d was, as many have argued,\u00a0slavery by another name<\/a>\u00a0and it persisted until the 1940s.
\n

\"\"

Southern jails made money leasing convicts for forced labor in the Jim Crow South. Circa 1903. Everett Historical \/ www.shutterstock.com<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

2. The Jim Crow era was violent<\/strong><\/p>\n

While students may be taught about segregation and laws preventing blacks from voting, they\u00a0often are not taught<\/a>\u00a0about the extreme violence whites enacted upon blacks throughout the Jim Crow era, which took place from 1877 through the 1950s.\u00a0Mob violence and lynchings<\/a>\u00a0were frequent occurrences \u2013 and not just in the South \u2013 throughout the Jim Crow era.<\/p>\n

Racial terror was used as a means for whites to\u00a0maintain power and prevent blacks from gaining equality<\/a>. Notably,\u00a0many whites<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 not just white supremacist groups like the Klu Klux Klan \u2013 engaged in this violence. Moreover, the torture and murder of blacks was not associated with\u00a0any consequences<\/a>.<\/p>\n

During this same time, white society created\u00a0negative stereotypes about blacks<\/a>\u00a0as a way to dehumanize blacks and justify the violence whites enacted upon them. These negative stereotypes included that blacks were ignorant, lazy, cowardly, criminal and hypersexual.<\/p>\n

Blackface minstrelsy<\/a>\u00a0refers to whites darkening their skin and dressing in tattered clothing to perform the negative stereotypes as part of entertainment. This imagery and entertainment served to solidify negative stereotypes about blacks in society. Many of these negative stereotypes persist today.<\/p>\n

3. Racial inequality was preserved through housing discrimination and segregation<\/strong><\/p>\n

During the early 1900s, a number of policies were put into place in our country\u2019s most important institutions to further segregate and oppress blacks. For example, in the 1930s, the federal government, banks and the real estate industry\u00a0worked together<\/a>\u00a0to prevent blacks from becoming homeowners and to create racially segregated neighborhoods.<\/p>\n

This process, known as redlining, served to\u00a0concentrate<\/a>\u00a0whites in middle-class suburbs and blacks in impoverished urban centers. Racial segregation in housing has consequences for everything from\u00a0education<\/a>to\u00a0employment<\/a>. Moreover, because public school funding relies so heavily on\u00a0local taxes<\/a>, housing segregation affects the quality of\u00a0schools<\/a>students attend.<\/p>\n

All of this means that even after the removal of discriminatory housing policies and school segregation laws in the 1950s and 1960s, the\u00a0consequences<\/a>\u00a0of this intentional segregation in housing persist in the form of highly segregated and unequal schools. All students should learn this history to ensure that they do not wrongly conclude that current racial disparities are based on individual shortcomings \u2013 or worse, black inferiority \u2013 as opposed to systematic oppression.<\/p>\n

Americans live in a starkly unequal society where\u00a0health<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0economic<\/a>outcomes are largely influenced by race. We cannot begin to meaningfully address this inequality as a society if we do not properly understand its origins. The\u00a0white supremacists<\/a>\u00a0responsible for sanitizing our history lessons understood this. Their intent was clearly to keep the country ignorant of its racist past in order to stymie racial equality. To change the tide, we must incorporate a more accurate depiction of our country\u2019s racist history in our K-12 curricula.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Noelle Hurd is the Scully Family Discovery Associate Professor in Psychology at the University of Virginia<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

When it comes to how deeply embedded racism is in American society, blacks and whites have sharply different views. For instance, 70 percent of whites believe that\u00a0individual discrimination is a bigger problem\u00a0than discrimination built into the nation\u2019s laws and institutions. Only 48 percent of blacks believe that is true. Many blacks and whites also fail […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":47034,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[8187],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-47033","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","tag-history-3"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n3 things schools should teach about America\u2019s history of white supremacy - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/3-things-schools-should-teach-about-americas-history-of-white-supremacy\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"3 things schools should teach about America\u2019s history of white supremacy - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When it comes to how deeply embedded racism is in American society, blacks and whites have sharply different views. 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