{"id":46493,"date":"2019-01-08T12:22:12","date_gmt":"2019-01-08T20:22:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=46493"},"modified":"2019-01-08T12:22:12","modified_gmt":"2019-01-08T20:22:12","slug":"why-elite-colleges-should-use-a-lottery-to-admit-students","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/why-elite-colleges-should-use-a-lottery-to-admit-students\/","title":{"rendered":"Why elite colleges should use a lottery to admit students"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"
\nIf the\u00a0Harvard admissions trial<\/a>\u00a0teaches us anything, it should be that there are more brilliant and accomplished young people in the United States eager for a top-notch education than there are seats to accommodate them. Places like Harvard and other elite colleges select students from a pool flush with well-qualified applicants who could handle the coursework, contribute to campus life, and go on to great things after college.<\/p>\n

The former president of Harvard, Drew Faust, once said that Harvard could fill the class \u201ctwice over with valedictorians<\/a>.\u201d And as part of its defense in what has come to be known as \u201cthe affirmative action trial<\/a>,\u201d the university has said it could also fill its incoming class of roughly 2,000 students\u00a0almost twice over<\/a>\u00a0with students with perfect scores on the math SAT.<\/p>\n

As an expert on college admissions, I see a simple solution to this admissions challenge that could not only spare universities scrutiny over how they admit students, but could also save them a lot of time and money. As I suggest in my book, \u201cThe Diversity Bargain And Other Dilemmas of Race, Admissions, and Meritocracy at Elite Universities<\/a>,\u201d universities should try an admissions lottery to admit students.<\/p>\n

Political science professor\u00a0Peter Stone<\/a>\u00a0argues that when there are more candidates than seats and no way to distinguish how deserving they are, a lottery becomes\u00a0the fairest way<\/a>\u00a0to choose candidates in a selective system. If ever there were a university in this situation, Harvard would be it.<\/p>\n

The admissions lottery I envision \u2013 which would involve applicants who meet a certain academic threshold \u2013 would help universities faced with large numbers of qualified applicants, such as Harvard, admit students in a more equitable way. The lottery would accomplish two important goals.<\/p>\n

1. Make the process more fair<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The so-called \u201cfairness\u201d of Harvard admissions holds incredible symbolic meaning in American society. The group suing Harvard over race-based admissions even call themselves \u201cStudents for Fair Admissions.\u201d The most fair thing colleges like Harvard can do is to acknowledge that selection inevitably favors those with resources. Indeed, the more selective colleges are,\u00a0the more privileged the students admitted are<\/a>.<\/p>\n

An admission lottery would send a clear message that admission is significantly based on chance, not just merit, which is actually how admissions works now \u2013 it\u2019s just that students think it\u2019s based exclusively on merit when it\u2019s not. Even the extensive analyses by top economists both for and against Harvard in the affirmative action lawsuit\u00a0could not predict<\/a>the admissions outcomes of one in four applicants.<\/p>\n

In other words, even when you build a statistical model that includes everything from an applicant\u2019s grades and SAT scores to their parents\u2019 professions, what state they live in, and many other factors, it\u2019s hard to understand admission decisions. This suggests lottery-like outcomes.<\/p>\n

Further, the current admissions process suggests to students who get into the likes of Harvard that they deserved their spot exclusively on their own merits \u2013 that is, despite their parents\u2019 wealth, whether or not their parents attended the school, and any advantages stemming from the high schools they attended coming into play. As I show in\u00a0my book<\/a>, most undergraduates at Ivy League universities think the admissions process for their universities is fair and the best way to select students.<\/p>\n

But it is well established that those who get into colleges like Harvard come from\u00a0wealthier, better-educated<\/a>\u00a0families than teens in the U.S. overall. They also tend to\u00a0more frequently be white or Asian<\/a>. So unless society believes that merit is not evenly distributed across the population, pretending that admissions is meritocratic makes it seem like elite students are more worthy than those who are disadvantaged, when the reality is they just had more advantages.<\/p>\n

2. Save time and money<\/strong><\/h4>\n

An admissions lottery would save universities incredible resources. For instance, at Harvard, a\u00a040-person committee of full-time, paid admissions officers<\/a>\u00a0votes together on each of the tens of thousands of applicants to Harvard College.<\/p>\n

But if qualified students are entered into a lottery, the university could simply pick names out of an electronic \u201chat,\u201d so to speak, saving hundreds of thousands of dollars in hours of work. There could be similar savings for other universities as well.<\/p>\n

A lottery would also save parents and teens countless hours of time and money and eliminate a lot of stress as they try to navigate an increasingly competitive admissions system. College admissions has led many high school students to\u00a0strive toward ever-tougher standards<\/a>\u00a0of excellence in academics as well as extracurriculars. This leads to\u00a0unhealthy levels of stress and anxiety<\/a>\u00a0for increasing numbers of teens.<\/p>\n

I\u2019m not suggesting that the application process be scrapped altogether. Instead, universities should carefully reflect on what qualities they seek in students. One reasonable quality would be a basic level of academic achievement, such that a student \u2013 with the supports available on campus \u2013 will be able to handle the academic expectations of the university.<\/p>\n

In order to ensure all young people have a shot, these expectations and supports should accommodate top students from high schools around the country, including the neediest communities with the fewest resources. Selective colleges could commit to meeting the educational needs to top students from all high schools, regardless of those students\u2019 SAT scores or other measures that compare them to peers from other, more resource-rich schools.<\/p>\n

In addition, universities might make the case that certain individuals or groups have special status \u2013 children of wealthy donors, athletes for college teams, musicians for the orchestra. If those students are so desirable that colleges don\u2019t want to leave their admission to chance, those students could be exempted from the lottery. My own instinct is to discard these special categories, but they do not preclude a lottery. Indeed, a lottery alongside special status provisions would make clear the special status that certain applicants have, as evidenced in the Harvard trial. Special status may also be given to increase opportunity for underrepresented groups, in the interest of campus diversity.<\/p>\n

Some colleges might be reluctant to be the first to adopt an admissions lottery. Those colleges should consider how colleges like\u00a0Bates and Bowdoin<\/a>\u00a0became the first to go test-optional when it comes to the SAT, long before hundreds of other colleges did. Even so, these schools achieved\u00a0greater diversity<\/a>\u00a0and kept their graduation rates\u00a0about the same<\/a>.<\/p>\n

On the other hand, if lots of colleges were to switch to an admissions lottery, they together might develop a\u00a0\u201cmatch\u201d system<\/a>, similar to the system that places medical school students in their residency programs. Students would first be sorted into their first choice colleges, and then the pool of those students who reach the eligibility bar would be entered into a lottery to select students. After the first choices are made, lotteries for second choices would happen, and so on. This system would also alleviate the cost to families associated with\u00a0students applying to increasing numbers<\/a>\u00a0of colleges. It would also lessen the associated costs to colleges of evaluating increasing numbers of applicants due to students applying to so many colleges.<\/p>\n

The struggle over college admissions has led to increasing costs, anxiety among American teens, and unfair perceptions of merit being the exclusive domain of elites. But this situation can be avoided if colleges take bold steps toward an admissions lottery.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Natasha Warikoo is an Associate Professor of Education at Harvard University<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

If the\u00a0Harvard admissions trial\u00a0teaches us anything, it should be that there are more brilliant and accomplished young people in the United States eager for a top-notch education than there are seats to accommodate them. Places like Harvard and other elite colleges select students from a pool flush with well-qualified applicants who could handle the coursework, […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":46494,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[22705],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-46493","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-higher-education","tag-admissions"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhy elite colleges should use a lottery to admit students - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/why-elite-colleges-should-use-a-lottery-to-admit-students\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why elite colleges should use a lottery to admit students - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"If the\u00a0Harvard admissions trial\u00a0teaches us anything, it should be that there are more brilliant and accomplished young people in the United States eager for a top-notch education than there are seats to accommodate them. 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