{"id":46075,"date":"2018-11-23T11:12:54","date_gmt":"2018-11-23T19:12:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=46075"},"modified":"2018-11-23T11:12:54","modified_gmt":"2018-11-23T19:12:54","slug":"scotlands-attainment-gap-three-ways-to-bridge-the-educational-divide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/scotlands-attainment-gap-three-ways-to-bridge-the-educational-divide\/","title":{"rendered":"Scotland\u2019s attainment gap: three ways to bridge the educational divide"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/raisedhands.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"259\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-46076\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/raisedhands.png 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/raisedhands-250x95.png 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><br \/>\nThe UK has one of the most socially segregated school systems in the developed world, with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/grammar-schools-why-academic-selection-only-benefits-the-very-affluent-74189\">academic selection<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 where children are admitted to a school on the basis of ability \u2013 and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/education\/2016\/jun\/13\/parental-choice-education-schools-chains\">parental choice<\/a>\u00a0at its core.<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/about\/\">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development<\/a>\u00a0(OECD) believes this has a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/education\/school\/50293148.pdf\">negative impact<\/a>\u00a0on social equality and a young person\u2019s ability to earn a good income in the future. OECD evidence shows that segregated schools present children with two different perspectives of the world and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/education-19548597\">affect their life chances<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Effects of poverty<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>There is a strong link between a pupil\u2019s socioeconomic status and\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.parliament.scot\/ResearchBriefingsAndFactsheets\/S5\/SB_16-68_Closing_The_Attainment_Gap_What_Can_Schools_Do.pdf\">how well they do in school<\/a>. Pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds have a higher chance of failing. Children and young people living in the most deprived communities do significantly worse at all levels of the education system than those from more affluent backgrounds. This is often referred to as the \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.parliament.scot\/ResearchBriefingsAndFactsheets\/S5\/SB_16-68_Closing_The_Attainment_Gap_What_Can_Schools_Do.pdf\">attainment gap<\/a>\u201d.<br \/>\n<iframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/v3GDxEYl6Qg\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>In Scotland, it is\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cpag.org.uk\/scotland\/child-poverty-facts-and-figures\">estimated<\/a>\u00a0that one in four children is living in poverty.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/tgm\/refreshTableAction.do?tab=table&amp;plugin=1&amp;pcode=tessi120&amp;language=en\">European Commission figures<\/a>\u00a0suggest this is higher than in many other countries in Europe and the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifs.org.uk\/about\">Institute for Fiscal Studies<\/a>\u00a0(IFS)\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cpag.org.uk\/scotland\/child-poverty-facts-and-figures\">predicts<\/a>\u00a0that more than one-third of children in the UK will be living in poverty by 2021\/22.<\/p>\n<p>In 2016, Scotland\u2019s first minister, Nicola Sturgeon, declared that the Scottish government would \u201cdraw on successful ideas from around the world\u201d to help children from disadvantaged backgrounds and close the attainment gap. She\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/news.gov.scot\/speeches-and-briefings\/priorities-speech-taking-scotland-forward\">introduced<\/a>\u00a0a range of initiatives, not only in the education sector, but across health, childcare, social services, welfare and employment.<\/p>\n<p>Some of these measures introduced as a matter of urgency have already proved controversial, such as the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotsman.com\/news\/politics\/scottish-government-accused-of-deceiving-parents-over-p1-national-testing-1-4778457\">national testing of P1 pupils<\/a>\u00a0(a standardised assessment for five-year-olds designed to measure the attainment gap) which parents and teachers complained had caused some children distress. Schools play a significant role, but the initiatives adopted need to follow a long arc of slow structural change. Short-term political fixes have been tried for decades, yet people in Scotland and the rest of the UK continue to live in a deeply unequal society divided by class, income and poverty.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Following the Finns<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2018\/feb\/12\/safe-happy-and-free-does-finland-have-all-the-answers\">Finland<\/a>\u00a0is widely recognised as being an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oph.fi\/download\/146428_Finnish_Education_in_a_Nutshell.pdf\">educational success story<\/a>. Like Scotland, it has a population of around five million which shares the same culture, language and a keen sense of social justice. But after World War 2 the Finns recognised that a society divided by class and poverty would weaken their country further, so they embarked on\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/ijse.padovauniversitypress.it\/system\/files\/papers\/2014_2_3.pdf\">long-term structural reform<\/a>\u00a0abolishing private and selective schools in favour of a system in which every child would attend high-quality state schools. The Finns reduced socioeconomic inequality by reducing inequality in the education system.<br \/>\n<iframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Cx2f9OeV74c\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Having different educational provisions and greater freedom for parents to choose their preferred school may seem democratic, but it leads to a country that separates children and damages the very fabric of democracy it seeks to champion. I think there are three fundamental ways to help bridge the educational divide in Scotland.<\/p>\n<p>First, as the Finns have done, the government should look beyond parental choice and introduce the \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/pisa\/pisaproducts\/46581035.pdf\">common school<\/a>\u201d which provides basic comprehensive education to serve all children equally well, regardless of family background. Not just a form of school organisation, the idea of the common school embodies a philosophy of education as well as a deep\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/pisa\/pisaproducts\/46581035.pdf\">set of values<\/a>\u00a0about what all children need and deserve.<\/p>\n<p>Second, the quality of teachers and teaching is crucial for effective learning and can have a demonstrable impact on a disadvantaged pupil\u2019s prospects. Teachers need to be paid at a level that will attract top graduates, so that the profession becomes more appealing and valued.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/read.oecd-ilibrary.org\/education\/education-at-a-glance-2018\/united-kingdom_eag-2018-70-en#page1\">According<\/a>\u00a0to the OECD the UK has one of the least well-paid and youngest teaching workforces in the EU, predominantly populated by women. Because teaching is a highly skilled profession, only teachers who are\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www2.gov.scot\/resource\/doc\/337626\/0110852.pdf\">academically well-qualified<\/a>, research literate and socially committed should be encouraged to teach Scotland\u2019s children.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Freedom and trust<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>A long-term solution for reducing the attainment gap is to restore a culture of responsibility and trust within the education system that values teacher and headteacher professionalism in judging what is best for students. The Scottish government has\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/policies\/schools\/pupil-attainment\/\">pledged \u00a3120m<\/a>\u00a0directly to headteachers, which although considered a sound idea by the OECD, has been met with concern due to a lack of clear guidance on how this money should be spent.<\/p>\n<p>Striking a balance between accountability and autonomy, with greater levels of responsibility, flexibility and freedom to be creative in addressing pupils\u2019 needs takes time.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/read.oecd-ilibrary.org\/education\/education-at-a-glance-2018\/united-kingdom_eag-2018-70-en#page6\">Research<\/a>\u00a0suggests that encouraging schools to make their own decisions about how best to support their pupils to do well is essential for closing the attainment gap.<\/p>\n<p>Third, the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scotsman.com\/news\/politics\/reading-standards-in-scotland-falling-behind-uk-study-warns-1-4512105\">standard of literacy has fallen<\/a>\u00a0in Scotland over the past four years. Literacy and life chances are\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/education\/2014\/sep\/08\/reading-literacy-uk-cbi-schools-read-on-get-on-campaign\">closely linked<\/a>, and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/libraries-deliver-ambition-for-public-libraries-in-england-2016-to-2021\/libraries-deliver-ambition-for-public-libraries-in-england-2016-to-2021\">evidence<\/a>\u00a0suggests that libraries can contribute to improving quality of life for all. Starting with areas that have been designated as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www2.gov.scot\/Topics\/Statistics\/SIMD\">deprived<\/a>, new public libraries should be built or existing community libraries transformed.<\/p>\n<p>Raising the level of literacy is not just about the child, it has to involve the literacy of families and communities too. As we see in places such as Finland and Singapore, public libraries can serve as the educational and cultural bedrock of a community, and could help work towards closing the attainment gap.<\/p>\n<p>Persistent poverty exacerbated by budget cuts and coupled with entrenched mindsets in government and education are all obstacles in the current climate. There is an urgent need to think out of the box and to re-imagine long-term solutions to reverse the inequalities that face disadvantaged children in Scotland.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio:<\/strong> Geetha Marcus is a Lecturer in Education, School of Interdisciplinary Studies at the University of Glasgow<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The UK has one of the most socially segregated school systems in the developed world, with\u00a0academic selection\u00a0\u2013 where children are admitted to a school on the basis of ability \u2013 and\u00a0parental choice\u00a0at its core. The\u00a0Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development\u00a0(OECD) believes this has a\u00a0negative impact\u00a0on social equality and a young person\u2019s ability to earn a [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/scotlands-attainment-gap-three-ways-to-bridge-the-educational-divide\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":46076,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[224510],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-46075","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","tag-segregated-schools"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Scotland\u2019s attainment gap: three ways to bridge the educational divide - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/scotlands-attainment-gap-three-ways-to-bridge-the-educational-divide\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Scotland\u2019s attainment gap: three ways to bridge the educational divide - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The UK has one of the most socially segregated school systems in the developed world, with\u00a0academic selection\u00a0\u2013 where children are admitted to a school on the basis of ability \u2013 and\u00a0parental choice\u00a0at its core. The\u00a0Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development\u00a0(OECD) believes this has a\u00a0negative impact\u00a0on social equality and a young person\u2019s ability to earn a [&hellip;]\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/scotlands-attainment-gap-three-ways-to-bridge-the-educational-divide\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-11-23T19:12:54+00:00\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/raisedhands.png\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"680\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"259\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/scotlands-attainment-gap-three-ways-to-bridge-the-educational-divide\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/scotlands-attainment-gap-three-ways-to-bridge-the-educational-divide\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kevin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"headline\":\"Scotland\u2019s attainment gap: three ways to bridge the educational divide\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-11-23T19:12:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/scotlands-attainment-gap-three-ways-to-bridge-the-educational-divide\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":969,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/scotlands-attainment-gap-three-ways-to-bridge-the-educational-divide\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/11\\\/raisedhands.png\",\"keywords\":[\"segregated schools\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Education\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/scotlands-attainment-gap-three-ways-to-bridge-the-educational-divide\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/scotlands-attainment-gap-three-ways-to-bridge-the-educational-divide\\\/\",\"name\":\"Scotland\u2019s attainment gap: three ways to bridge the educational divide - 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