{"id":45198,"date":"2018-09-07T13:15:03","date_gmt":"2018-09-07T20:15:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=45198"},"modified":"2018-09-07T13:15:03","modified_gmt":"2018-09-07T20:15:03","slug":"lad-culture-and-sexual-harassment-in-universities-its-about-more-than-a-few-bad-apples","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/lad-culture-and-sexual-harassment-in-universities-its-about-more-than-a-few-bad-apples\/","title":{"rendered":"Lad culture and sexual harassment in universities: it\u2019s about more than a \u2018few bad apples\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"
\nSexual harassment is widespread and\u00a0affects the lives<\/a>\u00a0of women and girls, in particular, every day. In the face of calls to tackle sexual harassment and violence, the\u00a0UK government committed<\/a>\u00a0to carry out a review to see if misogyny should be treated as a hate crime. This review is a welcome and important step, but studies we conducted at UK universities indicate that the law alone won\u2019t be enough to tackle sexual harassment.<\/p>\n

As researchers looking into higher education, we know that sexual harassment and violence are widespread in universities \u2013 they\u2019re a core part of what\u2019s known as \u201clad culture\u201d. The National Union of Students (NUS) has conducted several studies about students\u2019 experiences, and found that\u00a0two-thirds of women students<\/a>\u00a0have experienced verbal or non-verbal harassment;\u00a0one in seven women students<\/a>\u00a0has experienced serious physical or sexual assault; and 37% of women and 12% of men students\u00a0have experienced<\/a>\u00a0unwanted sexual advances.<\/p>\n

This trend is not specific to the UK:\u00a0a recent survey<\/a>\u00a0of all 39 universities in Australia, for example, revealed that 51% of university students were sexually harassed on at least one occasion in 2016, with higher rates among some groups including women students, lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and gender diverse students and disabled students.<\/p>\n

A pervasive problem<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Our\u00a0research<\/a>, published in 2018, suggests that despite evidence of pervasive sexism, harassment and sexual violence in universities, the extent of these behaviours is not usually recognised by staff. We interviewed 72 staff across six universities in England, including senior managers such as pro-vice chancellors, student union officers, lecturers, welfare tutors and security staff.<\/p>\n

Our analyses showed that most staff underestimate the pervasiveness of lad culture. This is illustrated by Alex, a student union officer, who said:<\/p>\n

We don\u2019t notice it, so I think it\u2019s quite accepted. Because when I was first thinking about lad culture at this university I thought \u2018oh well there isn\u2019t really\u2019 and then I realised actually there is and there\u2019s quite a lot of it.<\/em><\/p>\n

Staff who had become conscious of the widespread nature of lad culture, often student union staff, conveyed the ways in which sexism, harassment and sexual violence are so common in university contexts that they are normalised and unremarkable \u2013 part of \u201cthe wallpaper of sexism\u201d.<\/p>\n

And because it is so normal, students rarely report it \u2013 as Abby, a student union officer, told us:<\/p>\n

I\u2019ve definitely been touched when I\u2019ve said \u2018don\u2019t touch me\u2019, I\u2019ve definitely had my skirt pulled up, I\u2019ve definitely had people like kiss me when I\u2019ve said \u2018get away from me\u2019, and they\u2019ll just take your face and they\u2019ll just kiss you. There\u2019s not a lot you can do about it but I\u2019d never ever think to report it \u2026 it\u2019s like what would you say to report, \u2018cos I could give you 20 reports from one night out.<\/em><\/p>\n

Ways of tackling sexual harassment that rely on reporting – like the hate crime legislation \u2013 are unlikely to be effective if sexual harassment is so frequent that reporting it seems unimaginable.
\n

\"\"

Where do I begin? Shutterstock<\/p><\/div><\/p>\n

In our study, only some of the more extreme instances were noticed by staff. This meant they only saw the tip of the iceberg, and so underestimated its prevalence. Ella, a lecturer and programme leader, said:<\/p>\n

By the time the issues come to me, then I\u2019d say [laddism] is fairly infrequent but I can imagine that if I investigate it I\u2019d probably find that it\u2019s a lot more frequent than it appears \u2026 Normally by the time it comes to my door it can be pretty serious.<\/em><\/p>\n

The law is not enough<\/strong><\/h4>\n

When institutions underestimate the pervasiveness of sexual harassment and violence, it has an impact on how it\u2019s understood, explained and addressed. If only extreme cases are recognised, it can mean that it\u2019s seen as a personal problem \u2013 the perpetrators are cast as \u201ca few bad apples\u201d, while institutional cultures are left unexamined, and unchallenged.<\/p>\n

It also means that institutions respond using disciplinary processes that focus on individual punishment, and rely on individuals to report their experiences \u2013 much like the proposed hate crime legislation. Such mechanisms are important, but they\u2019re not enough. For example, we know that there are\u00a0many cultural barriers<\/a>, such as shame and fear of not being believed, that prevent survivors from reporting.<\/p>\n

Until we move beyond seeing sexual harassment and violence as being committed by a \u201cfew bad apples\u201d we will fail to understand the causes, and address them properly. These acts are not typically committed by \u201csex pests\u201d or \u201cmonsters\u201d. These behaviours reflect a wider culture in which sexual harassment and violence become normal, and are trivialised to such a point that they become unremarkable.<\/p>\n

We need to challenge this culture and address the structural and systemic gender inequality that underpins it, rather than respond only to individual incidents as they occur, as the proposed hate crime law would do.<\/p>\n

Names have been changed to protect the anonymity of respondents<\/em><\/p>\n

Author Bios:<\/strong> Carolyn Jackson is a Professor of Gender and Education at Lancaster University and Vanita Sundaram is a Professor of Education at the University of York<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sexual harassment is widespread and\u00a0affects the lives\u00a0of women and girls, in particular, every day. In the face of calls to tackle sexual harassment and violence, the\u00a0UK government committed\u00a0to carry out a review to see if misogyny should be treated as a hate crime. This review is a welcome and important step, but studies we conducted […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":45199,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[224405],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-45198","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-higher-education","tag-pervasive-sexism"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLad culture and sexual harassment in universities: it\u2019s about more than a \u2018few bad apples\u2019 - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/lad-culture-and-sexual-harassment-in-universities-its-about-more-than-a-few-bad-apples\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lad culture and sexual harassment in universities: it\u2019s about more than a \u2018few bad apples\u2019 - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sexual harassment is widespread and\u00a0affects the lives\u00a0of women and girls, in particular, every day. 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