{"id":44823,"date":"2018-08-08T12:33:51","date_gmt":"2018-08-08T19:33:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=44823"},"modified":"2018-08-08T12:34:49","modified_gmt":"2018-08-08T19:34:49","slug":"childhood-bullying-can-cause-lifelong-psychological-damage-heres-how-to-spot-the-signs-and-move-on","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/childhood-bullying-can-cause-lifelong-psychological-damage-heres-how-to-spot-the-signs-and-move-on\/","title":{"rendered":"Childhood bullying can cause lifelong psychological damage \u2013 here\u2019s how to spot the signs and move on"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"
\nChildhood bullying is so common that it may not seem like a big deal. Up to\u00a035% per cent<\/a>\u00a0of people are estimated to have experienced it at some point. By adulthood, we are generally expected to have \u201cgot over\u201d it. But the mental health effects of being bullied can be serious and last a lifetime. One study has even suggested that, when it comes to mental health, bullying is as\u00a0harmful as child abuse<\/a>, if not worse.<\/p>\n

Approximately\u00a020% of people<\/a>\u00a0who have been bullied experience some kind of mental health problems later in life,\u00a0even at the age of 50<\/a>. While some of these, such as post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are easy to spot, others may be more difficult to recognise. These can range from inexplicable bouts of anger to a lifetime of feeling inferior to other people.<\/p>\n

Although there has been an\u00a0immense amount of research<\/a>\u00a0on bullying, most of it has focused on immediate effects, intervention and prevention. So we need more research on long-term effects and new forms of bullying, such as\u00a0online abuse<\/a>.<\/p>\n

That said, severe long-term effects of bullying are relatively well documented. Research has shown that victims of bullying\u00a0report more severe anxiety symptoms<\/a>\u00a0than others. Being bullied is also linked to social anxiety,\u00a0which often lasts into adulthood<\/a>\u00a0and increases the risk of developing\u00a0personality disorders<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Depression is\u00a0another negative consequence of bullying <\/a>, which might lead to suicidal ideation and even suicide attempts. So if you are struggling with depression or anxiety and have a history of being bullied, there may be a link.<\/p>\n

One of the most severe consequences is\u00a0post traumatic stress disorder<\/a>\u00a0(PTSD). Research has shown that 40.5% of girls and 27.6% of boys show PTSD symptoms at the time of being bullied. These individuals\u2019 torment can sometimes follow them into later life. This can be triggered by just remembering the bullying incident or by related stimuli, such as visiting their school as adults or by encountering their bully in a different environment.<\/p>\n

Trust and self-esteem<\/strong><\/h4>\n

While people with severe depression, anxiety or post traumatic stress disorder may actually seek help and uncover that bullying could have played a part in their mental health problems, for many other people the signs are more subtle.<\/p>\n

Self-esteem is an aspect that is both a risk factor and a\u00a0consequence of bullying<\/a>. It is not hard to see that children who are suffering from repetitive bullying at school, at a time when they are still in the process of developing their personalities,\u00a0could suffer a serious and lasting decline in self-esteem<\/a>.<\/p>\n

On the other hand,\u00a0high self-esteem has been linked to bullying others<\/a>. However, this effect seems to be\u00a0moderated by other factors<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 high self-esteem is only linked to high bullying rates in schools which the students perceive to have a poor climate.<\/p>\n

Another distinctive example is anger, which is a prerequisite of aggression and has been associated with both\u00a0victimisation and perpetration of bullying<\/a>. For the bullies, it is well recognised that, behind their abusive behaviour, lies the intention to hurt another individual \u2013 usually motivated by negative emotions such as aggression, anger and hostility. But repeated bullying can also make victims more angry, which in turn maintains the cycle of bullying. The main difference between bullies and victims is that bullies exhibit higher levels of proactive aggression (behaviour that anticipates a reward), whereas victims exhibit higher levels of reactive aggression (anger in response to a threat).<\/p>\n

Bullying can also lead to\u00a0health problems<\/a>, alcohol and drug abuse, social withdrawal and severe trust issues. For many victims who are trying to overcome the experience, the loss of trust is\u00a0perhaps the most challenging<\/a>\u00a0consequence. But if nobody stands up for you at the time of being bullied, you begin to\u00a0lose trust in your peers<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 and that may be for life.<\/p>\n

It is also important to note that\u00a0bullying effects are often related<\/a>. In other words, low self-esteem is related to depression, depression is related to suicidal ideation, and so on. Such relationships lead victims to experience not one, but multiple bullying effects during their victimisation period and in their adulthood.<\/p>\n

Dealing with the past<\/strong><\/h4>\n

So what should you do if you suddenly realise that bouts of anger or low self-esteem may have resulted from bullying that happened decades ago? One option is talking therapy or\u00a0cognitive behavioural therapy<\/a>. The latter involves training yourself to change your thinking and behaviour, tackling for example negative thinking, social phobia or low self-esteem.<\/p>\n

\"\"

The effects can last into adulthood. hikrcn\/Shutterstock<\/p><\/div>\n

When it comes to anger, various studies have indicated that restorative justice techniques \u2013 a mediation between the victim and the offender while\u00a0promoting discussion and forgiveness<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 could help. However, such practices can only benefit victims and bullies respectively if applied in a controlled environment, such as the school,\u00a0by a trained member of staff<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Some individuals take their own initiative\u00a0to face their bully or victim<\/a>\u00a0in adulthood and either apologise for their past behaviour or seek answers for their victimisation. However, they must keep in mind that such an encounter might have the exact opposite results. Research shows that bullies often\u00a0maintain an aggressive behaviour<\/a>\u00a0in adulthood. Therapy or counselling are usually therefore much better ways to deal with the consequences.<\/p>\n

Perhaps the most important thing in order to get over traumatic bullying experiences is to stop blaming yourself. There have been numerous studies indicating that this is\u00a0very common<\/a>\u00a0and a result of wrongfully developed perceptions. For example, it is well established that\u00a0overweight children suffer higher levels of bullying<\/a>\u00a0than others. Such individuals may view their body mass or inability to \u201cstand up for themselves\u201d as the reason they were picked on. If these victims do not accept their individuality and stop self blaming, it can be very hard to heal the wounds.<\/p>\n

Being bullied as a child in school, which is such a huge part of an individual\u2019s world, is clearly a traumatic experience \u2013 it should come as no surprise that it may leave lasting scars. Luckily, there is plenty of help out there. And even if you don\u2019t want to embark on getting therapy, just identifying the negative thinking patterns and behaviour that the bullying may have triggered can ultimately help you change them and move on.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Calli Tzani Pepelasi is a Lecturer in Investigative Psychology, at the University of Huddersfield<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Childhood bullying is so common that it may not seem like a big deal. Up to\u00a035% per cent\u00a0of people are estimated to have experienced it at some point. By adulthood, we are generally expected to have \u201cgot over\u201d it. But the mental health effects of being bullied can be serious and last a lifetime. One […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":44824,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[224367],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-44823","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-change","tag-childhood-bullying"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChildhood bullying can cause lifelong psychological damage \u2013 here\u2019s how to spot the signs and move on - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/childhood-bullying-can-cause-lifelong-psychological-damage-heres-how-to-spot-the-signs-and-move-on\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Childhood bullying can cause lifelong psychological damage \u2013 here\u2019s how to spot the signs and move on - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Childhood bullying is so common that it may not seem like a big deal. 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