{"id":43591,"date":"2018-05-07T14:53:45","date_gmt":"2018-05-07T21:53:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=43591"},"modified":"2018-05-07T14:53:45","modified_gmt":"2018-05-07T21:53:45","slug":"dont-expect-professors-to-get-fired-when-they-say-something-you-dont-like","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/dont-expect-professors-to-get-fired-when-they-say-something-you-dont-like\/","title":{"rendered":"Don\u2019t expect professors to get fired when they say something you don\u2019t like"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

A college professor lashes out on social media with a caustic political opinion. Online commentators explode with outrage and demand firings.<\/p>\n

Does the university stand behind the instructor and accept a reputational beating? It depends both on the law and the fortitude of campus administrators.<\/p>\n

Fresno State University\u2019s Randa Jarrar is the\u00a0latest<\/a>\u00a0to incite condemnation with her stream of celebratory Twitter posts marking the April 17 passing of Barbara Bush. Jarrar denounced the former first lady as a \u201cwitch\u201d and an \u201camazing racist.\u201d For good measure, the English professor taunted her critics by boasting that tenure protected her from being fired.<\/p>\n

Jarrar\u2019s situation isn\u2019t uncommon. Professors from\u00a0Kansas<\/a>\u00a0to\u00a0Connecticut<\/a>have provoked online outcry with incendiary posts about touchy social or political topics.<\/p>\n

What\u2019s noteworthy is that Jarrar has toughed out the criticism and remained on the job. Social media firestorms often end professors\u2019 careers.<\/p>\n

Last year, a Drexel University political scientist\u00a0resigned<\/a>\u00a0after a flippant tweet that stated all he wanted for Christmas was \u201cwhite genocide.\u201d The tweet followed other comments in which the professor expressed disgust with the military and called white people \u201cinhuman\u201d for mistreating minorities.<\/p>\n

Around the same time, a visiting professor at the University of Tampa\u00a0lost his job<\/a>\u00a0after tweeting that Hurricane Harvey, which killed more than 100 people, was payback for Texas\u2019 support of Republicans.<\/p>\n

One difference is that, unlike Drexel or Tampa, Fresno State is a public university. And at public universities, the First Amendment limits the ability of supervisors to penalize distasteful speech.<\/p>\n

As\u00a0researchers<\/a>\u00a0with the University of Florida\u2019s Brechner Center for Freedom of Information, we\u2019ve spent months digging into the rights of public employees when they speak with the news media. While Jarrar was publishing directly and not through a journalistic intermediary, the same constitutional principles protect her speech and that of all state employees \u2013 within limits.<\/p>\n

The workplace and the First Amendment<\/strong><\/h4>\n

It\u2019s well-established by decades of case law that the First Amendment prevents government agencies \u2013 including states that run many universities and community colleges \u2013 from restricting the content of citizens\u2019 speech, or punishing them after the fact for what they say. When a private employer, including a private college, fires someone over a social media post, there\u2019s no constitutional violation.<\/p>\n

At the same time, the U.S. Supreme Court has recognized that the government has valid interests in being able to provide services efficiently. As a result, employee speech that interferes with workplace harmony can be restricted or even penalized with a firing.<\/p>\n

So is a professor at a state-run college more of a citizen \u2013 or more of an employee?<\/p>\n

In a 2006 case,\u00a0the Supreme Court upheld disciplinary action<\/a>\u00a0against a government employee who wrote a memo undermining his supervisor, a California prosecutor. The justices said employees give up their First Amendment protection when they speak \u201cpursuant to official duties.\u201d<\/p>\n

But more recently, the Supreme Court backpedaled. In 2014, the justices unanimously\u00a0overturned<\/a>\u00a0the firing of an Alabama community college employee who blew the whistle on misspending at his state agency. Speech doesn\u2019t lose protection, the court ruled, just because it is about information learned on the job.<\/p>\n

The First Amendment especially applies to comments about prominent political figures and political issues. To the relief of bloggers and talk show hosts everywhere, speech\u00a0does not lose protection<\/a>\u00a0merely because it is insulting or mean-spirited. So even uncivil name-calling about the Bush family is difficult for a state agency to restrict.<\/p>\n

If Jarrar was tweeting as part of her job duties, she\u2019d have no First Amendment protection; the speech would belong to her employer. But political commentary is probably beyond the job description for an English literature professor. So her tweets are entitled to at least some constitutional protection.<\/p>\n

And the First Amendment may apply even more forcefully when the speaker is a college instructor.<\/p>\n

Do professors represent a \u2018special\u2019 class?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Outside of higher education, it\u2019s become\u00a0common<\/a>\u00a0to see public employees fired for caustic social media posts.\u00a0Teachers<\/a>,\u00a0principals<\/a>,\u00a0police officers<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0firefighters<\/a>\u00a0have all lost their jobs for thoughtless excesses \u2013 whether real or perceived \u2013 on Facebook or Twitter.<\/p>\n

Even for employees of state or local government, legal challenges often fail. Employers can prevail by producing enough complaints to show that the speech upset workplace morale or undermined public trust.<\/p>\n

But in higher education, academic freedom is a cherished value. The term refers to the latitude that college educators are given to explore provocative ideas in the classroom, even unorthodox ones.<\/p>\n

In cases brought by professors in\u00a0North Carolina<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Washington<\/a>, federal courts have given greater free speech protection to college faculty than ordinary government employees would enjoy.<\/p>\n

Stephen Salaita, a professor of American Indian studies,\u00a0obtained an US$875,000 settlement<\/a>\u00a0in a lawsuit against the University of Illinois, when his job offer was withdrawn following outrage over his Twitter posts criticizing Israel. Salaita\u2019s case shows how limited a public university\u2019s options are in responding to indecorous speech by faculty members, particularly posts made on personal time about political concerns.<\/p>\n

Tweet and counter-tweet<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis\u00a0famously wrote<\/a>\u00a0in 1927 that the proper response to \u201cevil\u201d speech is \u201cmore speech,\u201d not suppression or punishment. Like all government executives, college presidents can freely voice disapproval of obnoxious speech to distance their institutions from it.<\/p>\n

That\u2019s just what Fresno State President Joseph I. Castro did. In informing the public that Jarrar wouldn\u2019t be disciplined for her off-duty tweets, Castro\u00a0disavowed<\/a>\u00a0the speech as \u201ccontrary to the core values of our University.\u201d Castro is also holding two\u00a0forums<\/a>\u00a0to air public sentiments about the Jarrar controversy.<\/p>\n

The Supreme Court has\u00a0described<\/a>\u00a0college campuses as a \u201cmarketplace for ideas,\u201d and the marketplace has largely\u00a0disdained<\/a>\u00a0Jarrar\u2019s choice of words.<\/p>\n

Social media speech is easily avoided, and remarks like Jarrar\u2019s quickly dissipate if ignored. If the marketplace greets the next professorial online rant with a yawn and a click of the \u201cunfollow\u201d button, then the message will fail to find an audience \u2013 and the market will have spoken.<\/p>\n

Author Bios:<\/strong> Frank LoMonte is the Director of the Brechner Center for Freedom of Information at the University of Florida and David Jadon is a Law Clerk<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A college professor lashes out on social media with a caustic political opinion. Online commentators explode with outrage and demand firings. Does the university stand behind the instructor and accept a reputational beating? It depends both on the law and the fortitude of campus administrators. Fresno State University\u2019s Randa Jarrar is the\u00a0latest\u00a0to incite condemnation with […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":43592,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[185167],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-43591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-change","tag-voicing-an-opinion"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDon\u2019t expect professors to get fired when they say something you don\u2019t like - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/dont-expect-professors-to-get-fired-when-they-say-something-you-dont-like\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Don\u2019t expect professors to get fired when they say something you don\u2019t like - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A college professor lashes out on social media with a caustic political opinion. Online commentators explode with outrage and demand firings. Does the university stand behind the instructor and accept a reputational beating? It depends both on the law and the fortitude of campus administrators. 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