{"id":43401,"date":"2018-04-24T14:23:14","date_gmt":"2018-04-24T21:23:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=43401"},"modified":"2018-04-24T14:23:14","modified_gmt":"2018-04-24T21:23:14","slug":"states-are-favoring-school-choice-at-a-steep-cost-to-public-education","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/states-are-favoring-school-choice-at-a-steep-cost-to-public-education\/","title":{"rendered":"States are favoring school choice at a steep cost to public education"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Teacher strikes are generating a healthy focus on how far public education funding has\u00a0fallen<\/a>\u00a0over the past decade. The full explanation, however, goes beyond basic funding cuts. It involves\u00a0systematic advantages<\/a>\u00a0in terms of funding, students and teachers for charter schools and voucher programs as compared to traditional public schools. Increasing public teacher salaries may end the current protests, but speaking as an\u00a0expert in education law and policy<\/a>, I believe it won\u2019t touch the new normal in which public education is no longer many states\u2019 first priority.<\/p>\n

My\u00a0forthcoming research<\/a>\u00a0shows that, from funding and management practices to teacher and student policies, states are giving charter schools and private schools a\u00a0better deal<\/a>\u00a0than public schools. These better deals have fueled enormous growth in\u00a0charter schools<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0voucher programs<\/a>that is now nearly impossible to unwind.<\/p>\n

The most basic shift occurred between 2008 and 2012. Florida and North Carolina illustrate the nationwide trend. Each cut public education funding by\u00a020 percent<\/a>\u00a0or more in three years. During the same period, North Carolina lifted its\u00a0cap<\/a>\u00a0on new charter schools and quickly\u00a0doubled<\/a>its charter school spending. Florida similarly changed the\u00a0rules<\/a>\u00a0for its voucher program and\u00a0quadrupled<\/a>\u00a0its size.<\/p>\n

Favorable funding practices<\/strong><\/h4>\n

States also passed laws to offer charters and private schools more money for each student they took. Florida\u00a0increased<\/a>\u00a0the value of each voucher by roughly US$2,000. Nevada went even further,\u00a0passing<\/a>\u00a0legislation that would convert every single public education dollar into a voucher dollar. While the state Supreme Court later declared the program unconstitutional, it has not stopped other states like\u00a0Arizona<\/a>\u00a0from pursuing similar programs.<\/p>\n

Several states also began lifting income\u00a0eligibility limits<\/a>. Previously, states had provided vouchers only for low-income students. But new voucher programs made them available to\u00a0wealthy students<\/a>\u00a0as well, even those who already had access to excellent public schools.<\/p>\n

Charter schools benefited from similar advantages in some states. Ohio and New Jersey funneled charter school funding through school districts, but the states\u2019 antiquated funding formulas and charter reimbursement rates force districts to send charter schools\u00a0more per pupil<\/a>\u00a0than they receive from the state.<\/p>\n

Pennsylvania has a similar\u00a0scheme<\/a>, but it has proven so lopsided that it expanded deficits in\u00a0Philadelphia<\/a>\u00a0and nearly bankrupted the\u00a0Chester School District<\/a>. Chester was paying the local charter school roughly\u00a0$40,000 per special education student<\/a>, including for those students with relatively low-cost needs. Arizona took a simpler route. It\u00a0shielded charter schools<\/a>\u00a0from the budget cuts it was imposing on traditional public schools.<\/p>\n

Less oversight<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Once they receive the money, charter schools and private schools receiving vouchers can spend it almost any way they want. Private schools\u00a0operate<\/a>\u00a0just as they had before. And charter schools \u2013 though technically public schools \u2013 are exempt from\u00a0typical financial oversight<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Laws require public schools to award contracts through a transparent process and prohibit public schools from entering contracts that pose conflicts of interest. Charters can award contracts to almost\u00a0anyone they like<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 and on any terms they like. This includes awarding contracts to companies that have close financial ties with the charter. A person can start a purportedly nonprofit charter school and then have that charter purchase all of its services and supplies from a company owned by that same person. As a result, the person can turn a\u00a0profit<\/a>\u00a0on staffing, facilities, technology and supplies.\u00a0National Heritage Academies<\/a>\u00a0runs this exact type of business model in North Carolina and continues to grow its campuses.<\/p>\n

The same activity could constitute fraud or criminality in a public school. Yet, state law permits it for charters. As Thomas Kelley\u2019s\u00a0analysis<\/a>reveals, many of the charter schools that state law calls nonprofits would not qualify for that same label under federal law.<\/p>\n

No checks on profiteering<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Even well-meaning charter schools have been unable to stop this profit-taking. The Ohio Supreme Court, for instance,\u00a0found<\/a>\u00a0that state law dictates that everything a private charter school company purchases with public dollars \u2013 from desks to computers \u2013 belongs to the private company, not the public. The same is true of buildings that charter schools lease. Charter school operators reap their largest profits through unreasonably high\u00a0lease payments<\/a>\u00a0on buildings that the public will never own.<\/p>\n

States also allow private schools and charters to treat students differently. While public schools must provide disadvantaged students with a host of special services, private schools take vouchers with almost no strings attached. And they are\u00a0increasingly<\/a>\u00a0taking high-achieving middle-income and nondisabled students who cost less to educate and typically do not demand specialized services.<\/p>\n

Charter schools\u2019 advantages come in their ability to recruit students and cap enrollment. Public schools must serve everyone in their community. The clearest proof that charters don\u2019t is in the data. For instance, Newark charter schools enroll less than half the percentage of\u00a0special education students and English language learners<\/a>\u00a0as the Newark public schools. Newark charters also enroll significantly fewer low-income students. In North Carolina, charter schools are increasingly enrolling white students, while public schools increasingly\u00a0enroll<\/a>\u00a0students of color. In Minneapolis,\u00a080 percent of charters<\/a>\u00a0are racially isolated by race, socioeconomic status or both.<\/p>\n

The most obvious advantage, however, is with teachers. Most\u00a0states exempt<\/a>\u00a0charter schools from teacher certification requirements. Half exempt charters from complying with high-stakes teacher evaluation systems. More than three-quarters exempt charters from the teacher salary and collective bargaining rules. In short, states permit charters to hire teachers that would be deemed unqualified in a public school and pay them less.<\/p>\n

The need for a structural shift<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The current debate over school funding must move beyond teacher salaries and whether the\u00a0books in public schools are tattered<\/a>. Those conversations ignore the systematic policies that disadvantage public schools. Increasing public school teachers\u2019 salaries alone won\u2019t fix the problem. The public school teaching force\u00a0has already shrunk<\/a>. Class sizes have\u00a0already risen<\/a>. And the rules that advantage charter and private schools remain firmly in place.<\/p>\n

Long-term solutions require a reexamination of these preferences. As a state constitutional matter, the law requires that states make public education their first priority. It is not enough to make education one of several competing priorities. And as a practical matter, states cannot continue to ask public schools to work with whatever is left over and then criticize them for doing a poor job. This cycle creates a circular justification for dismantling public education when states should be repairing it.<\/p>\n

Author Bio:<\/strong> Derek W. Black is a Professor of Law at the University of South Carolina<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Teacher strikes are generating a healthy focus on how far public education funding has\u00a0fallen\u00a0over the past decade. The full explanation, however, goes beyond basic funding cuts. It involves\u00a0systematic advantages\u00a0in terms of funding, students and teachers for charter schools and voucher programs as compared to traditional public schools. Increasing public teacher salaries may end the current […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":43402,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15645],"tags":[11935],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-43401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","tag-school-choice"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nStates are favoring school choice at a steep cost to public education - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/states-are-favoring-school-choice-at-a-steep-cost-to-public-education\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"States are favoring school choice at a steep cost to public education - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Teacher strikes are generating a healthy focus on how far public education funding has\u00a0fallen\u00a0over the past decade. 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