{"id":42537,"date":"2018-02-20T12:35:03","date_gmt":"2018-02-20T20:35:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=42537"},"modified":"2018-02-20T12:35:03","modified_gmt":"2018-02-20T20:35:03","slug":"altered-carbon-not-future-science-fiction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/altered-carbon-not-future-science-fiction\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Altered Carbon is not about the future \u2013 and nor is any other science fiction"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-42538\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/altered-carbon.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/altered-carbon.jpg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/altered-carbon-250x140.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The hopes and dreams of the technological movement known as \u201ctranshumanism\u201d have been brought into the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/altered-carbon-transhumanism-tv\/\">media spotlight<\/a>\u00a0thanks to Netflix\u2019s new science fiction series,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.netflix.com\/gb\/title\/80097140\">Altered Carbon<\/a>\u00a0(based on Richard Morgan\u2019s 2001 novel).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/humanityplus.org\/\">Transhumanists<\/a>\u00a0believe that our species will soon undergo a technological evolution into a new and superior form. While there is no single template for transhumanism\u2019s imagined future, there are a number of recurring motifs, such as enhanced cognition, improved bodies and extended lifespans. Sometimes the emphasis is on enhanced biology; sometimes on the supplementation or replacement of the body by technology.<\/p>\n<p>Altered Carbon plays with the ingredients of one transhumanist vision in particular. This is personal immortality through the transferal of the individual human mind into a computer program, which may then be indefinitely preserved and duplicated through a succession of different bodies. And so one could easily think of Altered Carbon as simply an elaboration of the transhumanist worldview \u2013 a prophecy of the near future presented in popular entertainment for a mass audience. This assumption is certainly encouraged by\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.syfy.com\/syfywire\/altered-carbon-cast-predicts-the-future-and-says-we-could-live-in-a-simulation\">promotional coverage<\/a>, which invites cast members to predict technological developments of the next 200 years.<\/p>\n<p><iframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dhFM8akm9a4\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>But is Altered Carbon, or any other work of science fiction, really an attempt to foresee the future? In fact, science fiction has a more important job to do: not to show us the future, but to show us our present-day reality afresh. The real aim of science fiction is to make the everyday world become strange and unfamiliar.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>SF futurology<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Admittedly, the futures imagined in science fiction sometimes come true (although often they don\u2019t). Science fiction writers told stories about going to the moon before anyone actually went there. They told stories about artificially intelligent machines\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/chatbotsmagazine.com\/artificial-intelligence-is-science-fiction-coming-to-life-2251cfa845ee\">before these were invented<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mashable.com\/2010\/09\/25\/11-astounding-predictions\/\">And so on<\/a>. This means readers may try to rummage through science fiction for prophetic images, especially of future technologies. Such supposed prophecies needn\u2019t be endorsements, of course. The dystopian vision of Altered Carbon might, for instance, be construed\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wired.com\/story\/altered-carbon-transhumanism-tv\/\">as a warning<\/a>\u00a0that we need \u201cto be thinking about the cost of pursuing technological immortality\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Such a predictive model of science fiction has been popular with military technologists, who have thought of the genre as a crystal ball showing the future of warfare. The cultural historian (and latterly science fiction writer) Charles E Gannon\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/10402650902915177\">has shown<\/a>, for instance, how Robert Heinlein\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/io9.gizmodo.com\/5439145\/starship-troopers-is-perfect--and-therein-lies-the-problem\">Starship Troopers<\/a>\u00a0(1959) informed the thinking of US military planners, who were inspired not only by its technology, but also by its new model of the infantry as highly-trained elite troops. This way of reading science fiction is also encouraged by science fiction authors like H G Wells and Arthur C Clarke, because they also wrote non-fiction \u2013 what we might now call \u201cfuturology\u201d \u2013 in which they tried to forecast the future.<\/p>\n<p><iframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zPYuV_jGk7M\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>But while science fiction sometimes turns out to be accurate futurology, this doesn\u2019t mean prediction is essential to the genre. Although some science fiction technologies \u2013 such as rocketry or computing \u2013 have been carefully grounded in scientific possibility, many have not been. There is only the barest scientific explanation (if any) for many science fiction devices. Think of faster-than-light travel (warp drives), teleportation, telepathy, time travel, and connected parallel universes.<\/p>\n<p>The body-swapping gadgetry of Altered Carbon is no different. The premise of AI, mixed with the new experience of consumer computing (copying and backing up files), and finished off with a veneer of technological jargon (\u201ccortical stack\u201d), gives an illusion of technological depth and solidity to its daydream of disembodied consciousness. Such far-out, make-believe technologies seem believable because science fiction writers cleverly imitate the language and style of scientific and technological writing.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Distortion of the present<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>So if science fiction doesn\u2019t try to predict the future, what is the point of its various make believe images of the future?<\/p>\n<p>Above all, science fiction uses make believe futures to show our own world in a cleverly distorted way. This allows us to see it afresh \u2013 as if our own culture were that of a foreign land \u2013 forcing us to ask uncomfortable questions about what we take as natural, right, inevitable.<\/p>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_42539\" style=\"width: 350px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-42539\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/warofwords.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"340\" height=\"488\" class=\"size-full wp-image-42539\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/warofwords.jpg 340w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/warofwords-174x250.jpg 174w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-42539\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">War of the Worlds 1927 cover.  Wikimedia<\/p><\/div>Although this view\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/strangehorizons.com\/non-fiction\/articles\/estrangement-and-cognition\/\">dates from around the 1970s<\/a>, it reflects a much longer tradition of science fiction. Wells\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/books\/2012\/aug\/19\/war-worlds-hg-wells-review\">The War of the Worlds<\/a>\u00a0(1898) shows Victorian London \u2013 the heart of a world empire \u2013 being ruthlessly conquered and exploited by a technologically superior civilisation. The story invites its readers to question the ethics of imperialism.<\/p>\n<p>Other, more recent works question the naturalness of the roles doled out to men and women, and the reality of sex and gender themselves. Marge Piercy\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/books\/2016\/nov\/29\/woman-on-the-edge-of-time-40-years-on-hope-imagining-utopia-marge-piercy\">Woman on the Edge of Time<\/a>\u00a0(1976) imagines a future society in which pregnancy happens outside the body in special machines, and where men take on equally the hard work of caring for babies (thanks in part to technology that allows them to produce breast milk). There\u2019s even a gender-neutral pronoun (the all-purpose \u201cper\u201d instead of \u201che\u201d and \u201cshe\u201d). Piercy\u2019s novel forces us to recognise our assumptions about the importance and reality of sex and gender. The book is not rigorously grounded in biology and linguistics \u2013 but this doesn\u2019t matter.<\/p>\n<p>Altered Carbon borrows images from transhumanism and uses them in a similar, genre-specific way. Its world helps us articulate the class divisions of our own society: the wealthy elite, who can live forever in a succession of bodies, are an intensified representation of present-day inequalities, including access to advanced healthcare.<\/p>\n<p>By making our everyday world into something strange and alien, science fiction hopes that we will question and change our society. Science fiction does not invite us to be prophets, but anthropologists making sense of a complex and troubling foreign culture \u2013 which we may eventually come to recognise as our own. And so when reading or watching science fiction, look for the moments when the future seems shocking, repulsive, and alien to everything you hold dear. Ask what these moments correspond to in\u00a0<em>your<\/em>\u00a0world.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio:<\/strong> Gavin Miller is a Senior Lecturer in Medical Humanities at the University of Glasgow<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The hopes and dreams of the technological movement known as \u201ctranshumanism\u201d have been brought into the\u00a0media spotlight\u00a0thanks to Netflix\u2019s new science fiction series,\u00a0Altered Carbon\u00a0(based on Richard Morgan\u2019s 2001 novel). Transhumanists\u00a0believe that our species will soon undergo a technological evolution into a new and superior form. While there is no single template for transhumanism\u2019s imagined future, [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/altered-carbon-not-future-science-fiction\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":42538,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[95,85],"tags":[185048],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-42537","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lifestyle","category-social-change","tag-altered-carbon"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Why Altered Carbon is not about the future \u2013 and nor is any other science fiction - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/altered-carbon-not-future-science-fiction\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why Altered Carbon is not about the future \u2013 and nor is any other science fiction - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The hopes and dreams of the technological movement known as \u201ctranshumanism\u201d have been brought into the\u00a0media spotlight\u00a0thanks to Netflix\u2019s new science fiction series,\u00a0Altered Carbon\u00a0(based on Richard Morgan\u2019s 2001 novel). Transhumanists\u00a0believe that our species will soon undergo a technological evolution into a new and superior form. While there is no single template for transhumanism\u2019s imagined future, [&hellip;]\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/altered-carbon-not-future-science-fiction\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-02-20T20:35:03+00:00\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/altered-carbon.jpg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"680\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"382\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/altered-carbon-not-future-science-fiction\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/altered-carbon-not-future-science-fiction\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kevin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"headline\":\"Why Altered Carbon is not about the future \u2013 and nor is any other science fiction\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-02-20T20:35:03+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/altered-carbon-not-future-science-fiction\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1036,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/altered-carbon-not-future-science-fiction\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/02\\\/altered-carbon.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Altered Carbon\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Lifestyle\",\"Social Change\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/altered-carbon-not-future-science-fiction\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/altered-carbon-not-future-science-fiction\\\/\",\"name\":\"Why Altered Carbon is not about the future \u2013 and nor is any other science fiction - World leading higher education information and services\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/altered-carbon-not-future-science-fiction\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/altered-carbon-not-future-science-fiction\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/02\\\/altered-carbon.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-02-20T20:35:03+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/altered-carbon-not-future-science-fiction\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/altered-carbon-not-future-science-fiction\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/altered-carbon-not-future-science-fiction\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/02\\\/altered-carbon.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/02\\\/altered-carbon.jpg\",\"width\":680,\"height\":382},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/altered-carbon-not-future-science-fiction\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Why Altered Carbon is not about the future \u2013 and nor is any other science fiction\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/\",\"name\":\"World leading higher education information and services\",\"description\":\"Global Higher Education Jobs, University jobs, Lecturer &amp; 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