{"id":41044,"date":"2017-10-24T11:19:46","date_gmt":"2017-10-24T18:19:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=41044"},"modified":"2017-10-24T11:19:46","modified_gmt":"2017-10-24T18:19:46","slug":"money-woes-force-south-africa-revisit-rewards-researchers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/money-woes-force-south-africa-revisit-rewards-researchers\/","title":{"rendered":"Money woes force South Africa to revisit how it rewards researchers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/applicationsgrants.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"442\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-41045\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/applicationsgrants.jpg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/10\/applicationsgrants-250x163.jpg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><br \/>\nIt\u2019s been 30 years since South Africa first introduced a rating system to incentivise the country\u2019s academics and scientists. This system was built on the principle that funding should be awarded to those researchers with a proven track record of scientific excellence.<\/p>\n<p>This is a unique approach among global rating systems: it rewards individual researchers rather than their institutions or particular projects.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/journals.co.za\/content\/sajsci\/104\/3-4\/EJC96791\">New Zealand<\/a>, for instance, awards individual ratings and uses these to fund the scientist\u2019s university.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ref.ac.uk\/\">The UK<\/a>\u00a0has a system in which academic departments are rated and those ratings are then used to fund the universities.<\/p>\n<p>In its current incarnation, South Africa\u2019s rating system is managed by the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nrf.ac.za\/\">National Research Foundation<\/a>\u00a0(NRF). The foundation\u2019s mandate is to \u201cpromote and support research through funding, human resource development and the provision of the necessary research facilities\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>The NRF rating system has always had its critics. Some have called it elitist, arguing that its approach discriminates against people who haven\u2019t had the same access to training and research facilities as their peers. On the whole, though, South African researchers have become used to the idea that there is a link between NRF rating and research funding. For some, the incentive funding is a drop in the ocean in comparison to the research funding to which they have access. For others, the incentive funding is a lifeline that allows them to continue their research and often support a single postgraduate student.<\/p>\n<p>Now it looks as though the system may be in trouble. The NRF recently announced that it will\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.health.uct.ac.za\/sites\/default\/files\/Incentive%20Funding%20for%20Rated%20Researchers%20Communiqu%C3%A9%20-%20Oct%202017.pdf\">dramatically scale back<\/a>\u00a0the \u201cincentive\u201d funding it offers to rated researchers, both those who already have a rating and those who will be rated in the future.<\/p>\n<p>The NRF\u2019s rating system has been a victim of two factors: its own success, and a funding crisis that stretches across South Africa\u2019s higher education and research sectors. South Africa spends\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/data.oecd.org\/rd\/gross-domestic-spending-on-r-d.htm\">less than 1%<\/a>\u00a0of its Gross Domestic Product on research, putting it\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/data.oecd.org\/rd\/gross-domestic-spending-on-r-d.htm\">well below<\/a>\u00a0most other countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In addition South African universities have doubled student enrolment in the last 20 years \u2013 yet the government subsidy for higher education\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/chet.org.za\/data\/sahe-open-data\">has not increased accordingly<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The NRF simply does not have enough money to keep pace with the growing number of individuals who qualify for funding under the current \u201cincentive\u201d system.<\/p>\n<p>It will now be up to all the stakeholders in this sector to determine whether the rating system, without a concomitant link to grant funding, continues to thrive or disappears. Whatever happens, the quality of South Africa\u2019s research output must not be compromised.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>The history of ratings<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>There are several\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nrf.ac.za\/rating\">rating categories<\/a>: A (Leading international researcher), B (Internationally acclaimed researcher) and C (established researcher). There are also two categories for young researchers: P (Prestigious Award) and Y (Promising young researcher).<\/p>\n<p>South Africa first introduced a rating system in 1984. The following year ratings were awarded to\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/evaluation.nrf.ac.za\/Content\/Documents\/Rating\/FactsFigures1.pdf\">600 scientists<\/a>; 35 of them received the top A rating and 140 were B rated. Funding was directly linked to a researcher\u2019s rating. During the 1990s, as South Africa made the transition to democracy, the direct link between rating and research funding fell away, and financial support became purely project-based.<\/p>\n<p>In 2002 the rating system was extended beyond the hard sciences to humanities, social sciences and law. By 2004 there were\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/evaluation.nrf.ac.za\/Content\/Documents\/Rating\/FactsFigures1.pdf\">1,302 researchers<\/a>who held a valid rating.<\/p>\n<p>In 2008 the NRF explicitly relinked rating and funding through a specially designed funding programme. A-rated scholars received R100,000 per annum; those with a B rating were given R80,000; and C-rated researchers received R40,000. At that time there were 1,684 rated researchers in the country and the system cost\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.health.uct.ac.za\/sites\/default\/files\/Incentive%20Funding%20for%20Rated%20Researchers%20Communiqu%C3%A9%20-%20Oct%202017.pdf\">R72 million<\/a>\u00a0from the public purse.<\/p>\n<p>Within a decade the number of rated researchers had more than doubled to 3,689 and, while the grant sizes haven\u2019t grown, the system now costs South African taxpayers almost\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.health.uct.ac.za\/sites\/default\/files\/Incentive%20Funding%20for%20Rated%20Researchers%20Communiqu%C3%A9%20-%20Oct%202017.pdf\">R160 million a year<\/a>. Research funding \u2013 which is the lifeblood for any country\u2019s academic scholars \u2013 is likely to be reduced significantly.<\/p>\n<p>Now, with its decision to slash incentive funding, the NRF appears to be unlinking its rating system from funding once more. What will this mean? Will there be any reason for academics and researchers to keep applying for rating if this is the case? What effect might this unlinking have on research quantity and quality?<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Possible next steps<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>There will be many conversations in the coming months about the NRF\u2019s controversial funding cut. These will need to involve a number of stakeholders: the departments of science and technology and higher education and training, the foundation itself, individual academics and universities.<\/p>\n<p>Whatever the solution, quality must remain at the forefront of all decisions. The rating system has without question contributed to the rise of quality research from South African universities. We cannot afford to go back to the situation before 1980.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bios:<\/strong> Brenda Wingfield is Vice President of the Academy of Science of South Africa and DST-NRF SARChI chair in Fungal Genomics, Professor of Genetics at the University of Pretoria and Kit Vaughan is Emeritus Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology at the University of Cape Town<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It\u2019s been 30 years since South Africa first introduced a rating system to incentivise the country\u2019s academics and scientists. This system was built on the principle that funding should be awarded to those researchers with a proven track record of scientific excellence. This is a unique approach among global rating systems: it rewards individual researchers [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/money-woes-force-south-africa-revisit-rewards-researchers\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":41045,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[136942],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-41044","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-higher-education","tag-south-african-researchers"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Money woes force South Africa to revisit how it rewards researchers - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/money-woes-force-south-africa-revisit-rewards-researchers\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Money woes force South Africa to revisit how it rewards researchers - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"It\u2019s been 30 years since South Africa first introduced a rating system to incentivise the country\u2019s academics and scientists. 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