{"id":38442,"date":"2017-04-07T13:51:19","date_gmt":"2017-04-07T20:51:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=38442"},"modified":"2017-04-07T13:51:19","modified_gmt":"2017-04-07T20:51:19","slug":"exoplanet-discovery-amateur-astronomer-shows-power-citizen-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/exoplanet-discovery-amateur-astronomer-shows-power-citizen-science\/","title":{"rendered":"Exoplanet discovery by an amateur astronomer shows the power of citizen science"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/exoplanets.jpeg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/exoplanets.jpeg\" alt=\"exoplanets\" width=\"680\" height=\"363\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-38443\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/exoplanets.jpeg 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/exoplanets-250x133.jpeg 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>You don\u2019t need to be a professional astronomer to find new worlds orbiting distant stars. Darwin mechanic and amateur astronomer Andrew Grey this week helped to <a href=\"http:\/\/mobile.abc.net.au\/news\/2017-04-06\/stargazing-live-four-planets-discovered-in-new-solar-system\/8423142?pfmredir=sm\">discover a new exoplanet system<\/a> with at least four orbiting planets.<\/p>\n<p>But Andrew did have professional help and support.<\/p>\n<p>The discovery was a highlight moment of this week\u2019s three-evening special <a href=\"http:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/ourfocus\/stargazing\/\">ABC Stargazing Live<\/a>, featuring British physicist <a href=\"http:\/\/www.apolloschildren.com\/\">Brian Cox<\/a>, presenter <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdb.com\/name\/nm0954770\/\">Julia Zemiro<\/a> and others.<\/p>\n<p>Viewers were encouraged to join in the search for exoplanets \u2013 planets orbiting distant stars \u2013 using the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zooniverse.org\/projects\/ianc2\/exoplanet-explorers\">Exoplanet Explorers<\/a> website. After a quick tutorial they were then asked to trawl through data on thousands of stars recently observed with NASA\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/kepler\/main\/index.html\">Kepler Space Telescope<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Grey checked out more than 1,000 stars on the website before discovering the characteristic dips in brightness of the star in the data that signify an <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/au\/topics\/exoplanets-100\">exoplanet<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><div id=\"attachment_38444\" style=\"width: 690px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/transits.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-38444\" src=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/transits.png\" alt=\" As the planet passes in front of the star, it hides part of the star, causing a characteristic dip in brightness. ABC\/Zooniverse \" width=\"680\" height=\"345\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38444\" srcset=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/transits.png 680w, https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/transits-250x127.png 250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-38444\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">As the planet passes in front of the star, it hides part of the star, causing a characteristic dip in brightness. ABC\/Zooniverse<\/p><\/div><br \/>\nTogether with other co-discoverers, Grey\u2019s name will appear on a scientific paper reporting the very significant discovery of a star with four planets, orbiting closer to the star than Mercury is to our Sun.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/mobile.abc.net.au\/news\/2017-04-06\/stargazing-live-four-planets-discovered-in-new-solar-system\/8423142?pfmredir=sm\">Grey told Stargazing Live<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><em>That is amazing. Definitely my first scientific publication <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/I%27m\">\u2026<\/a> just glad that I can contribute. It feels very good.<\/p>\n<p>Cox was clearly impressed by the new discovery: In the seven years I\u2019ve been making Stargazing Live this is the most significant scientific discovery we\u2019ve ever made.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><iframe id=\"twitter-widget-0\" class=\"twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-rendered\" title=\"Twitter Tweet\" width=\"300\" height=\"150\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-tweet-id=\"849947825236451329\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>A breakthrough for citizen science<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>So just what does this discovery signify? First, let\u2019s be clear: this is no publicity stunt, or a bit of fake news dressed up to make a good story.<\/p>\n<p>This is a real scientific discovery, to be reported in the scientific literature like other discoveries made by astronomers.<\/p>\n<p>It will help us understand the formation of our own Earth. It\u2019s also a step towards establishing whether we are alone in the universe, or whether there are other planets populated by other civilisations.<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, it must be acknowledged that this discovery joins the list of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/kepler\/discoveries\">more than 2,300 known exoplanets<\/a> discovered by Kepler so far. There are thousands more candidate planets to be examined.<\/p>\n<p>If Grey and his colleagues hadn\u2019t discovered this new planetary system, then somebody else would have eventually discovered it. But that can be said of all discoveries. The fact remains that this particular discovery was made by Grey and his fellow citizen scientists.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Amateurs and professionals working together<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I think that the greatest significance of this discovery is that it heralds a change in the way we do science.<\/p>\n<p>As I said earlier, Grey didn\u2019t make this discovery alone. He used data from the Kepler spacecraft with a <a href=\"https:\/\/kepler.nasa.gov\/Mission\/faq\/#d11\">mission cost of US$600 million<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Although we can build stunning telescopes that produce vast amounts of valuable data, we can\u2019t yet build an algorithm that approaches the extraordinary abilities of the human brain to examine that data.<\/p>\n<p>A human brain can detect patterns in the data far more effectively than any machine-learning algorithm yet devised. Because of the large volume of data generated by Kepler and other scientific instruments, we need large teams of human brains \u2013 larger than any research lab.<\/p>\n<p>But the brains don\u2019t need to be trained astrophysicists, they just need to have the amazing cognitive abilities of the human brain.<\/p>\n<p>This results in a partnership where big science produces data, and citizen scientists inspect the data to help make discoveries. It means that anyone can be involved in cutting-edge science, accelerating the growth of human knowledge.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A gathering of brainpower<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This is happening all over science and even the arts, from <a href=\"http:\/\/www.e-butterfly.org\/\">butterfly hunting<\/a> to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shakespearesworld.org\/\">transcribing Shakespeare\u2019s handwriting<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Last year citizen scientists in the Australian-led <a href=\"https:\/\/radio.galaxyzoo.org\/\">Radio Galaxy Zoo<\/a> project discovered the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-citizen-scientists-discovered-a-giant-cluster-of-galaxies-59373\">largest known cluster of galaxies<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>None of these projects would be possible without widespread access to the internet, and readily-available tools to build citizen science projects, such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.zooniverse.org\/projects\">Zooniverse<\/a> project.<\/p>\n<p>Will machines ever make citizen scientists redundant? <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/a-machine-astronomer-could-help-us-find-the-unknowns-in-the-universe-68347\">I have argued before<\/a> that we need to build algorithms called \u201cmachine scientists\u201d to make future discoveries from the vast volumes of data we are generating.<\/p>\n<p>But these algorithms still need to be trained by humans. The larger our human-generated training set, the better our machine scientists will work.<\/p>\n<p>So rather than making citizen scientists redundant, the machine scientists multiply the power of citizen scientists, so that a discovery made by a future Andrew Grey may result in hundreds of discoveries by machines trained using his discovery.<\/p>\n<p>I see the power of citizen scientists continuing to grow. I suspect this is only the start. We can do much more. We can increase the \u201cfun\u201d of doing citizen science by introducing \u201cgaming\u201d elements into citizen science programs, or by taking advantage of new technologies such as <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/au\/topics\/augmented-reality-2801\">augmented reality<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/au\/topics\/virtual-reality-5439\">immersive virtual reality<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps we can tap into other human qualities such as imagination and creativity to achieve goals that still frustrate machines.<\/p>\n<p>I look forward to the day when a Nobel prize is won by someone in a developing country without access to a traditional university education, but who uses the power of their mind, the wealth of information on the web and the tools of citizen science to transcend the dreams of traditional science.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Author Bio: <\/strong>Ray Norris is Professor, School of Computing, Engineering, &#038; Maths at Western Sydney University <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>You don\u2019t need to be a professional astronomer to find new worlds orbiting distant stars. Darwin mechanic and amateur astronomer Andrew Grey this week helped to discover a new exoplanet system with at least four orbiting planets. But Andrew did have professional help and support. The discovery was a highlight moment of this week\u2019s three-evening [&hellip;]\n&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/exoplanet-discovery-amateur-astronomer-shows-power-citizen-science\/\" class=\"more\">learn more&rarr;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":38443,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[59],"tags":[65934],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-38442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-tech","tag-exoplanets"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Exoplanet discovery by an amateur astronomer shows the power of citizen science - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/exoplanet-discovery-amateur-astronomer-shows-power-citizen-science\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Exoplanet discovery by an amateur astronomer shows the power of citizen science - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"You don\u2019t need to be a professional astronomer to find new worlds orbiting distant stars. Darwin mechanic and amateur astronomer Andrew Grey this week helped to discover a new exoplanet system with at least four orbiting planets. But Andrew did have professional help and support. The discovery was a highlight moment of this week\u2019s three-evening [&hellip;]\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/exoplanet-discovery-amateur-astronomer-shows-power-citizen-science\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-04-07T20:51:19+00:00\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/exoplanets.jpeg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"680\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"363\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kevin\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/exoplanet-discovery-amateur-astronomer-shows-power-citizen-science\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/exoplanet-discovery-amateur-astronomer-shows-power-citizen-science\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kevin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"headline\":\"Exoplanet discovery by an amateur astronomer shows the power of citizen science\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-04-07T20:51:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/exoplanet-discovery-amateur-astronomer-shows-power-citizen-science\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":923,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/exoplanet-discovery-amateur-astronomer-shows-power-citizen-science\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/04\\\/exoplanets.jpeg\",\"keywords\":[\"exoplanets\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Science and Technology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/exoplanet-discovery-amateur-astronomer-shows-power-citizen-science\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/exoplanet-discovery-amateur-astronomer-shows-power-citizen-science\\\/\",\"name\":\"Exoplanet discovery by an amateur astronomer shows the power of citizen science - World leading higher education information and services\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/exoplanet-discovery-amateur-astronomer-shows-power-citizen-science\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/exoplanet-discovery-amateur-astronomer-shows-power-citizen-science\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/04\\\/exoplanets.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-04-07T20:51:19+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/42c1c1d5ff7ffbdf0bd50ed94c6ae6ee\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/exoplanet-discovery-amateur-astronomer-shows-power-citizen-science\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/exoplanet-discovery-amateur-astronomer-shows-power-citizen-science\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/exoplanet-discovery-amateur-astronomer-shows-power-citizen-science\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/04\\\/exoplanets.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/04\\\/exoplanets.jpeg\",\"width\":680,\"height\":363},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/exoplanet-discovery-amateur-astronomer-shows-power-citizen-science\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Exoplanet discovery by an amateur astronomer shows the power of citizen science\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/world.edu\\\/\",\"name\":\"World leading higher education information and services\",\"description\":\"Global Higher Education Jobs, University jobs, Lecturer &amp; 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