{"id":37652,"date":"2017-01-27T12:17:12","date_gmt":"2017-01-27T20:17:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/world.edu\/?p=37652"},"modified":"2017-01-27T12:17:12","modified_gmt":"2017-01-27T20:17:12","slug":"2017-isnt-1984-stranger-orwell-imagined","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world.edu\/2017-isnt-1984-stranger-orwell-imagined\/","title":{"rendered":"2017 isn\u2019t \u20181984\u2019 \u2013 it\u2019s stranger than Orwell imagined"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"1984-2x3\"<\/a><\/p>\n

A week after President Donald Trump\u2019s inauguration, George Orwell\u2019s \u201c1984\u201d is the best-selling book on Amazon.com.<\/p>\n

The hearts of a thousand English teachers must be warmed as people flock to a novel published in 1949 for ways to think about their present moment.<\/p>\n

Orwell set his story in Oceania, one of three blocs or mega-states fighting over the globe in 1984. There has been a nuclear exchange, and the blocs seem to have agreed to perpetual conventional war, probably because constant warfare serves their shared interests in domestic control.<\/p>\n

Oceania demands total subservience. It is a police state, with helicopters monitoring people\u2019s activities, even watching through their windows. But Orwell emphasizes it is the \u201cThinkPol,\u201d the Thought Police, who really monitor the \u201cProles,\u201d the lowest 85 percent of the population outside the party elite. The ThinkPol move invisibly among society seeking out, even encouraging, thoughtcrimes so they can make the perpetrators disappear for reprogramming.<\/p>\n

The other main way the party elite, symbolized in the mustached figurehead Big Brother, encourage and police correct thought is through the technology of the Telescreen. These \u201cmetal plaques\u201d transmit things like frightening video of enemy armies and of course the wisdom of Big Brother. But the Telescreen can see you, too. During mandatory morning exercise, the Telescreen not only shows a young, wiry trainer leading cardio, it can see if you are keeping up. Telescreens are everywhere: They are in every room of people\u2019s homes. At the office, people use them to do their jobs.<\/p>\n

The story revolves around Winston Smith and Julia, who try to resist their government\u2019s overwhelming control over facts. Their act of rebellion? Trying to discover \u201cunofficial\u201d truth about the past, and recording unauthorized information in a diary. Winston works at the colossal Ministry of Truth, on which is emblazoned IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH. His job is to erase politically inconvenient data from the public record. A party member falls out of favor? She never existed. Big Brother made a promise he could not fulfill? It never happened.<\/p>\n

Because his job calls on him to research old newspapers and other records for the facts he has to \u201cunfact,\u201d Winston is especially adept at \u201cdoublethink.\u201d Winston calls it being \u201cconscious of complete truthfulness while telling carefully constructed lies\u2026 consciously to induce unconsciousness.\u201d<\/p>\n

Oceania: The product of Orwell\u2019s experience<\/strong><\/p>\n

Orwell\u2019s setting in \u201c1984\u201d is inspired by the way he foresaw the Cold War \u2013 a phrase he coined<\/a> in 1945 \u2013 playing out. He wrote it just a few years after watching Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin carve up the world at the Tehran and Yalta conferences. The book is remarkably prescient about aspects of the Stalinist Soviet Union, East Germany and Maoist China.<\/p>\n

Orwell was a socialist.<\/a> \u201c1984\u201d in part describes his fear that the democratic socialism in which he believed would be hijacked by authoritarian Stalinism. The novel grew out of his sharp observations of his world and the fact that Stalinists tried to kill him.<\/p>\n

In 1936, a fascist-supported military coup<\/a> threatened the democratically elected socialist majority in Spain. Orwell and other committed socialists from around the world, including Ernest Hemingway, volunteered to fight against the rightist rebels. Meanwhile, Hitler lent the rightists his air power while Stalin tried to take over the leftist Republican resistance. When Orwell and other volunteers defied these Stalinists, they moved to crush the opposition. Hunted, Orwell and his wife had to flee for their lives from Spain in 1937.<\/p>\n

\"George<\/a>

George Orwell at the BBC<\/p><\/div>Back in London during World War II, Orwell saw for himself how a liberal democracy and individuals committed to freedom could find themselves on a path toward Big Brother. He worked for the BBC writing what can only be described as \u201cpropaganda\u201d aimed at an Indian audience. What he wrote was not exactly doublethink, but it was news and commentary with a slant to serve a political purpose. Orwell sought to convince Indians that their sons and resources were serving the greater good in the war. Having written things<\/a> he believed were untrue, he quit the job after two years, disgusted with himself.<\/p>\n

Imperialism itself disgusted him. As a young man in the 1920s, Orwell had served as a colonial police officer in Burma. In a distant foreshadowing of Big Brother\u2019s world, Orwell reviled the arbitrary and brutish role he took on in a colonial system. \u201cI hated it bitterly,\u201d he wrote<\/a>. \u201cIn a job like that you see the dirty work of Empire at close quarters. The wretched prisoners huddling in the stinking cages of the lock-ups, the gray, cowed faces of the long-term convicts\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

Oceania was a prescient product of a particular biography and particular moment when the Cold War was beginning. Naturally, then, today\u2019s world of \u201calternative facts\u201d is quite different in ways that Orwell could not have imagined.<\/p>\n

Big Brother not required<\/strong><\/p>\n

Orwell described a single-party system in which a tiny core of oligarchs, Oceania\u2019s \u201cinner party,\u201d control all information. This is their chief means of controlling power. In the U.S. today, information is wide open to those who can access the internet, at least 84 percent<\/a> of Americans. And while the U.S. arguably might be<\/a> an oligarchy, power exists somewhere in a scrum including the electorate, constitution, the courts, bureaucracies and, inevitably, money. In other words, unlike in Oceania, both information and power are diffuse in 2017 America.<\/p>\n

Those who study the decline in standards of evidence and reasoning in the U.S. electorate chiefly blame<\/a> politicians\u2019 concerted efforts<\/a> from the 1970s to discredit expertise<\/a>, degrade trust<\/a> in Congress and its members, even question the legitimacy of government<\/a> itself. With those leaders, institutions and expertise delegitimized, the strategy has been to replace<\/a> them with alternative authorities<\/a> and realities<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In 2004, a senior White House adviser suggested<\/a> a reporter belonged to the \u201creality-based community,\u201d a sort of quaint minority of people who \u201cbelieve that solutions emerge from your judicious study of discernible reality.\u2026 That\u2019s not the way the world really works anymore.\u201d<\/p>\n

Orwell could not have imagined the internet and its role in distributing alternative facts, nor that people would carry around Telescreens in their pockets in the form of smartphones. There is no Ministry of Truth distributing and policing information, and in a way everyone is Big Brother.<\/p>\n

It seems less a situation that people are incapable of seeing through Big Brother\u2019s big lies, than they embrace \u201calternative facts.\u201d Some<\/a> researchers have found<\/a> that when some people begin with a certain worldview \u2013 for example, that scientific experts and public officials are untrustworthy \u2013 they believe their misperceptions more strongly when given accurate conflicting information. In other words, arguing with facts can backfire<\/a>. Having already decided what is more essentially true than the facts reported by experts or journalists, they seek confirmation in alternative facts and distribute them themselves via Facebook, no Big Brother required.<\/p>\n

In Orwell\u2019s Oceania, there is no freedom to speak facts except those that are official. In 2017 America, at least among many of the powerful minority who selected its president, the more official the fact, the more dubious. For Winston, \u201cFreedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four.\u201d For this powerful minority, freedom is the freedom to say two plus two make five.<\/p>\n

Author Bio: <\/strong>John Broich is an Associate Professor at Case Western Reserve University <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A week after President Donald Trump\u2019s inauguration, George Orwell\u2019s \u201c1984\u201d is the best-selling book on Amazon.com. The hearts of a thousand English teachers must be warmed as people flock to a novel published in 1949 for ways to think about their present moment. Orwell set his story in Oceania, one of three blocs or mega-states […]\n… learn more→<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":37653,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[85],"tags":[42663],"coauthors":[11733],"class_list":["post-37652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-social-change","tag-subservience"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n2017 isn\u2019t \u20181984\u2019 \u2013 it\u2019s stranger than Orwell imagined - World leading higher education information and services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world.edu\/2017-isnt-1984-stranger-orwell-imagined\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"2017 isn\u2019t \u20181984\u2019 \u2013 it\u2019s stranger than Orwell imagined - World leading higher education information and services\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A week after President Donald Trump\u2019s inauguration, George Orwell\u2019s \u201c1984\u201d is the best-selling book on Amazon.com. 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