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A painted panel deep in a Spanish cave may push the human relationship with mind-altering plants back thousands of years, earlier than anything previously known.

Three things define an ice age: Earth has to be cold enough for a long time, ice grows to cover significant areas, and it lasts for millions of years.

New research shows how fibre-optic cables can monitor the hidden structure of glaciers, teaching us about past and future ice flow.

I have spent five years tracking down more than 10,000 accounts of wildlife by naturalists, travellers, historians and even poets, all written between 1529 and 1772

The great grandfather of one of Europe’s earliest modern humans had sex with Neanderthals.

More than 100 volcanoes lie beneath the continent’s ice sheet.

Is this where it all began?

Climate change is often seen as a recent phenomenon, but its roots are actually far older - the effects of human activity on the global climate have been discussed for more than 150 years. In the 1820s…

Responding to a crisis often brings out the best in people. Certainly it has in the past, when sudden changes in climate during the Middle Stone Age sparked off surges of cultural evolution and innovation…

But it’s been millions of years since carbon in the atmosphere last warmed the planet to this extent.